tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7863518898915620442024-03-13T15:13:45.655-07:00College essay brainstormingInteresting Research Essay TopicsXimena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-15987873343684881322020-08-25T07:57:00.001-07:002020-08-25T07:57:04.593-07:00Romanticism and Transcendentalism Essay Example for FreeSentimentalism and Transcendentalism Essay 1. In the wake of looking into the Romanticism asset page, list three qualities of Romanticism. Additionally, distinguish three creators of the Romantic time frame. * Three attributes of Romanticism are energy about nature, vision and patriotism. Three creators of the Romantic Era: Edgar Allan Poe, William Cullen Bryant and Lord Byron. 2. Utilizing the Transcendentalism asset page, list three attributes of Transcendentalism * Three quality of Transcendentalism are nature, instinct and the idea of God being a piece of nature. 3. What was Transcendentalists' opinion about nature? What did Transcendentalists feel about the characteristic idea of people (were people innately acceptable or underhanded)? * Transcendentalists had a lot of regard for nature and had faith in the best and integrity of people. 4. Depict two explicit things Thoreau found out about existence by interpreting the lines underneath in your own words: I went to the forested areas since I wished to live intentionally, to front just the fundamental unavoidable truths that apply to everyone, and check whether I was unable to realize what it needed to educate, and not, when I came to bite the dust, find that I had not lived. I needed to live profoundly and suck out all the marrow of life. (Walden) * Walden needed to get familiar with life so as to comprehend it totally by living it. I think Walden got the chance to grasp that a few things arenââ¬â¢t important so as to live cheerful and in the correct manner. He understood that he didnââ¬â¢t truly recognize what life was, until he was to encounter things himself. 5. Which two extraordinary latent opposition pioneers were affected by the reason of Transcendentalism through crafted by Thoreau and Emerson? * Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-13999522754931043762020-08-22T03:48:00.001-07:002020-08-22T03:48:02.353-07:00Business Writing Production of Australian CompaniesQuestion: Depict about the Business Writing for Production of Australian Companies. Answer: Presentation: Bird valley wellbeing nourishments are an Australian Company that produces sound and natural café which is made of dried leafy foods. For most recent three years, the business has been working in Adelaide. Individuals are presently focusing on sound food and the organization being slanted towards creation of the solid nourishments. Finding and conversation: Corporate Social obligation (CSR): Corporate social obligation is the strategy by which the organization picks up the financial just as the social and the ecological methodology. A CSR is the strategy that includes gifts that are given out of the companys continues to include the greener business tasks. The classifications of CSR are as per the following: Ecological endeavors: The CSR centers around the earth. Business working in the enormous scope is expected to keep the standards of the corporate social obligation and the organization should search to benefit the general public. Moral work rehearses: The Company can likewise show their corporate social duty by treating their representatives decently and morally. Magnanimity: Business additionally practice social duty by giving to national and neighborhood good cause (Pawlik and Neumann 2015). Direction from worldwide standards: The most popular rules are the OECD Guidelines for the global companies. The legislature to the organizations gives these rules. The deliberate standards target improving the remote speculation atmosphere and upgrade the commitment to the practical advancement that is made by the worldwide companies. The rules of OECD require the organizations to add to the financial, social and the ecological concerns. The rules have the general standards for the organizations that work inside the enormous scope (Baumann-Pauly et al. 2013). Standards of CSR are additionally laid in the United Nations Global Compact; it is the arrangement of rules that advances the requirement for the human rights, natural protection and the work rights. Administration perspective on CSR: CSR can likewise be seen as a worldwide administration system. The perspective on the as a worldwide administration instrument rises up out of the worldwide transnational establishments that grew before in the twentieth century, for example, the United countries, The universal work association, the world bank and some more. These organizations and the courses of action are intended to make the universal request around the mainstays of the majority rules system, regard for the human rights and thinking about the financial turn of events (Wu, Lin, and Lin 2013). Business perspective on CSR: Business pioneers manage the CSR issues with the assistance of the particular business association, for example, the Global Reporting Initiative, the UN Global Compact and the world business gathering for the maintainable turn of events. Subsequently, CSR are drawn from the idea of the different fields that incorporates the board, morals, brain research, human science, money and bookkeeping. For instance, ecological exposures in organization detailing are more common than references to the morals (Patrizia 2012). CSR is the obligation of the association for the effect of its choices and exercises on the general public and the earth through straightforward and the moral conduct that: Adds to the feasible turn of events Mulls over the perspectives on the investors Conforms to relevant law and reliable with the global standards of the conduct (Gupta and Kaur 2013). Practical ecologically neighborly bundling: The fundamental test in planning a bundle is to keep up a harmony among bundling and item, as the principle reason for bundling is to spare the item, permit it to reach in unique condition to client and keep them from misfortunes at family unit, retail and conveyance level. To guarantee supportable bundle of item, plan have an extraordinary effect. Practical bundling must meet the four models: bundling must be financially savvy for all the clients, it ought to be productive, that is, made of utilizing vitality just as material assets effectively, ought to be cyclic, that is, ought to have the option to be recuperated through regular or modern framework and must be protected that implies liberated from poisonous and dirtying material. Plastics are sturdy and adaptable however they are not condition well disposed as theyare made of carbon and different dangerous materials. As bird valley, are utilizing polypropylene for bundling their lunch room, which isn't biodegradable, they ought to consider about nature and move their bundling material to something, which is condition benevolent. The organization can utilize biodegradable, oil safe, warm capable material. One better choice will be to utilize hard paper or fiber materials to pack their café. An alluring fiber box, which is reusable and condition well disposed, will draw in clients. Another alternative is to pack in hard paper box with pleasant hues. Paper box may not be reusable however will be condition amicable and far superior choice than polypropylene (Oliver-Ortega et al. 2016). Diminishing water utilization: Water is viewed as generally significant and accessible item in preparing of condition, yet as time passing on, suppositions have started to change as dry spell condition and water contamination emergencies are quickly expanding because of shortage of water. Therefore, cost related with utilization and release of water is expanding quickly. As Eagle valley is creating vitality bars, which require huge measure of water, this is the high time, that they ought to truly consider limiting water utilization. To limit the water utilization they should consider exchange approach to safeguard water and increment the wastewater treatment cost. They can introduce a checking framework to watch the wellspring of water, amount of water released and utilization of water per unit. They can likewise introduce water tanks to top it off with water. At every possible opportunity, water weight ought to be decreased to limit lost because of spillage (Cosgrove and Rijsberman 2014). End and suggestions: From the above conversations, it tends to be reasoned that, to improve the maintainability of business development, Eagle valley wellbeing Foods should execute CSR to accomplish better an incentive for business. It will assist them with maintaining corporate arrangements, asset designation, records and review procedure, mindfulness and preparing in better and proficient way. To make the bundling of their café condition agreeable, they can utilize biodegradable fiber material or paper boxes as opposed to utilizing unsafe polypropylene materials. At long last, to decrease water utilization in café making process, they should expand the sum in reusing of wastewater area and screen the water utilization and release of waste water appropriately. Reference: Baumann-Pauly, D., Wickert, C., Spence, L.J. furthermore, Scherer, A.G., 2013. Sorting out corporate social duty in little and huge firms: Size issues. Diary of Business Ethics, 115(4), pp.693-705. Cosgrove, W.J. what's more, Rijsberman, F.R., 2014. World water vision: making water everyone's business. Routledge. Gupta, G. what's more, Kaur, S., 2013. Reasonable Development-Through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Times of Economic Slowdown. Siddhant-A Journal of Decision Making, 13(3), pp.203-209. Oliver-Ortega, H., Granda, L.A., Espinach, F.X., Delgado-Aguilar, M., Duran, J. what's more, Mutj, P., 2016. Firmness of bio-based polyamide 11 fortified with softwood stone ground-wood strands as an option in contrast to polypropylene-glass fiber composites. European Polymer Journal, 84, pp.481-489. Patrizia, G., 2012. Social execution improves money related execution. Advantages from CSR. THE ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA, p.112. Pawlik, T. what's more, Neumann, S., 2015. Usage of CSR Aspects in Human Resources Management (HRM) Strategies ofMaritime Supply Chains Main Involved Parties. Wellbeing of Marine Transport: Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, p.55. Wu, H., Lin, F. what's more, Lin, S., 2013. The Influence of CSR Communication on company's Socially Responsible Competitiveness-An examination from the viewpoint of collaboration. Diary of Convergence Information Technology, 8(10), p.914. Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-43102095666895739762020-07-31T11:23:00.001-07:002020-07-31T11:23:02.113-07:00Spy vs. SpySpy vs. Spy Saudi Arabia and the Global Community Thursday, February 16, 4pm Bartos Theater, MIT Starting shortly across campus from here is an interesting lecture/discussion. The featured speaker will be Prince Turki Al-Faisal, Saudi Arabias ambassador to the United States. The forum will be moderated by MIT Professor of Chemistry John Deutch. The talk is hosted by the Center for International Studies. What makes the talk particularly intriguing is the roles previously played by the two speakers. Prince Turki served as director general of Saudi Arabias main foreign intelligence service, the General Intelligence Directorate, from 1977 to 2001. Prof. Deutch ran the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency as Director of Central Intelligence from 1995 to 1996. This event is not being webcast, but some very interesting international affairs lectures at MIT are available from MIT World: Nuclear Technology in a Changing World: Have We Reached a Turning Point? Mohamed ElBaradei The World is Flat Thomas L. Friedman Comparative Insights: Marshall Plan, Japan, and Iraq John W. Dower, Charles S. Maier Reflections George Shultz America at War? Helen Thomas, David Thorburn The World Economy Olivier Blanchard, Ricardo Caballero Enjoy! Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-65015250537697576792020-05-22T20:36:00.001-07:002020-05-22T20:36:02.992-07:00Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology - 942 Words Sigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. According to Overskeid (2007) most research articles focus on the difference between the two. Here the author takes a different approach, looks at similarities within the psychanalysis dynamics. The two agreed upon human predicament that people are controlled by forces which they are not conscious (Overskeid, 2007). Skinner and Freud on behavior both agreed upon there are two systems that control behaviors (Overskeid, 2007). The two systems operates outside of any awareness that has a powerful hold on thinking, feelings, without the person comprehending the process of why (Overskeid, 2007). Dreams and the causes of them Skinner acknowledged Freud and him were on the same page, noting Freud has plausible connections between dreams and variables with oneââ¬â¢s life (Skinner, 1953). The ps ychoanalytic view really interested Skinner, he subjected himself to the Rorschach testing, also noted he could benefit from undergoing psychoanalysis (Skinner, 1983). Skinner and Freud never met each other but had some similarities and differences but they both respected each otherââ¬â¢s work while agreeing to disagree with theories (Overskeid, 2007). Dilemmas in Psychology Therapy would not be therapy if there were no challenges such as terms of resistance, transference and countertransference. EachShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words à |à 5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words à |à 6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freudââ¬â¢s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, ââ¬Å"father of psychoanalysisâ⬠(p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freudââ¬â¢s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we ââ¬Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repressionâ⬠Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1233 Words à |à 5 Pages Sigmund Freud is the idealist that concepted the idea of verbal psychotherapy, Freudian Psychology. His theories of psychoanalysis are based upon understand the unconscious mind. His ideals portray that there are three key components that are responsible for a human beings personality. These components include id, ego and superego. Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unconscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words à |à 6 Pagesand touch known as the ââ¬Å"mesmeric passâ⬠(Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologistsRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay967 Words à |à 4 PagesPsychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Three people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have thei r own theories that will be furtherRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words à |à 5 PagesLuwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800ââ¬â¢s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. ââ¬Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as anRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words à |à 7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay980 Words à |à 4 PagesAt the start psychology was not a science; it was ââ¬Ëmade upââ¬â¢. In pre-historic age it was believed any behaviour that swayed from ââ¬Ëthe normââ¬â¢ was due to demonic spirits possessing the brain. Advances in treatments and medicine, allow us to recognise how barbarous this belief was. The progress of these advances was clear by the opening of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. Wundtââ¬â¢s establishment of psychology as an academic discipline exaggerated how obsolete the pr evious wayRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words à |à 5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freudââ¬â¢s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this ideaRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1939 Words à |à 8 Pagesdevelopments in psychology that support the where our development into each stage come from. For starters thereââ¬â¢s Sigmund Freud, a main contributor to psychology (neurologist), that believed there is a specific order in the stages of development. His stages are called Psychosexual Stages of Development. The Five stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (As seen in Figure 1) These developments are more on the physical side to growing into puberty and so on. Freuds ideas are the first Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-18000422409714814562020-05-10T09:26:00.001-07:002020-05-10T09:26:03.903-07:00Economic performance in Malaysia rise of Islamic banking - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5529 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Today in Malaysia, Islamic banking and finance has become a main flow in the financial and economic activities and has become accepted by the people. The increase participation from the conventional banks and creates a healthy competition among the Islamic banking and thus leads to the enhancement of the product and better services to the customer. In this paper we are discuss more about the history of Islamic banking in the past and present, the objectives, philosophy and principles and of Islamic banking, modern banking operations according to Shariah principles. The word bank is derived from the Italian word banco, the origin meaning is shelf or bench. (Mohammad Muslehuddin) Islamic banking is banking based on Islamic law (Shariah). It follows the Shariah, called Ãâà ¬Ãâà qh muamalat (Islamic rules on transactions).The rules and practices of Ãâà ¬Ãâà qh muamalat came from the Quran and the Sunnah, and other secondary sources of Islamic law such as opinions collectively agreed among Shariah scholars (ijma), analogy (qiyas) and personal reasoning (ijtihad). Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Economic performance in Malaysia rise of Islamic banking" essay for you Create order Its also known as participant banking,Ãâà Islamic bankingÃâà refers to a system of bankingÃâà or banking activity that is follow with the principles of Islamic lawÃâà (Sharia) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics. Sharia prohibits the payment or acceptance of interest fees for loans of money (riba), for specific terms, as well as investing in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to its principles (Haram, forbidden). While these principlesÃâà were used as the basis for an economy in earlier times, it is only in the late 20th century that a number of Islamic banks were formed to apply these principles toÃâà privateÃâà or semi-privateÃâà commercialÃâà institutions within the Muslim community. (Wikipedia) Islamic banking system in Malaysia comprises of the Islamic banking industry, the takaful industry, the Islamic money market, and the Islamic capital market. Firstly is Islamic banking industry. Islamic banking in MalaysiaÃâà began in September 1963 when Perbadanan Wang Simpanan Bakal-Bakal Haji (PWSBH) was established. PWSBH was set up as an institution forÃâà muslimsÃâà to save for theirÃâà HajjÃâà expenses. In 1969, PWSBH merged with Pejabat Urusan Haji to form Lembaga Urusan dan Tabung Haji (now known as Lembaga Tabung Haji). In Malaysia, separate Islamic legislation and banking regulations exist side-by-side with those for the conventional banking system. The legal basis for the establishment of Islamic banks was the Islamic Banking Act (IBA) which came into effect on 7 April 1983. The IBA provides BNM with powers to supervise and regulate Islamic banks, similar to the case of other licensed banks. The Government Investment Act 1983 was also enacted at the same time to empower the Government of Malaysia to issue Government Investment Issue (GII), which are government securities issued based on Syariah principles. The long-term objective of BNM is to create an Islamic Banking system operating on a parallel basis with the conventional banking system. However, similar to any banking system, an Islamic banking system requires three vital elements to qualify as a viable system, for example number of players, a broad variety of instruments, and an Islamic money market. In addition, an Islamic banking system must also reflect the sosio-economic values in Islam and must be Islamic in both substance and form. BNM adopted step-by-step approach to achieve the objectives. The first step is to spread the good of Islamic Banking was to disseminate Islamic banking on a nation-wide basis. BNM decided to allow the existing banking institution to offer Islamic banking services using their existing infrastructure and branches. The option was seen as the most effective and efficient mode of increasing the number of institutions offering Islamic banking services at the lowest cost. On March 1993 BNM introduced a scheme known as Skim Pembankan Tanpa Faedah. The first Islamic bank established in the country was Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) which commenced operations on 1 July 1983. Same with its objectives, the banking activities of the bank are based on Syariah principles. BIMB has proved to be a viable banking institution with its activity expanding rapidly throughout the country with a network of 80 branches and 1,200 employees. The bank was listed on the Main Board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange on 17 January 1992. (Pledgeco.com) On 1 October 1999, a second Islamic bank namely Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad (BMMB) start its operations. The establishment BMMB was effect of the merger between Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Berhad (BBMB) and Bank of Commerce (Malaysia) Berhad (BOCB). In addition, BMMB was given 40 branches of BBMB and BBMBK in various locations throughout Malaysia and a staffs of 1,000 moves from BBMB, BOCB and BBMBK. In terms of products and services, there are more than 40 Islamic financial products and services that maybe offered by the banks using various Islamic concepts such as Qardhul Hassan, Mudharabah, Musyarakah, Murabahah,BaiBithaman Ajil, Ijarah, istisna, and Ijarah Thumma Al-Bai. Secondly is the takaful industry. TakafulÃâà is an IslamicÃâà insuranceÃâà concept which is in IslamicÃâà muamalatÃâà (Islamic banking), observing the rules and regulations ofÃâà Islamic law. This concept has been practised in various forms for over 1400 years.Ãâà Muslim jurists acknowledge that the basis of shared responsibility in the system ofÃâà aquilaÃâà as practised between Muslims of Mecca and Medina laid the foundation of mutual insurance. (Wikipedia) Takaful as a system of Islamic insurance is based on co-operation and mutual help for the good of the society. Furthermore, is the Islamic money market. The Islamic Interbank Money Market (IIMM) was introduced on 3 January 1194 by BNM. The activities of the IIMM included the purchase and sale of Islamic financial instruments among market participants (including the Bank), interbank investment activities through the Mudaraba Interbank Investment (MII) Scheme and a cheque clearing and settlement system through an Islamic Interbank Cheque Clearing System (IICCS).(Islamic world.net) Last but not least is the Islamic capital market. The Islamic Capital Market (ICM) refers to market transaction that carried out in ways that do not conflict with the conscience of Muslims and the religion of Islam. In other words, the ICM represents an assertion of religious law in the capital market transaction where the market should be free from the involvement of prohibited activities by Islam, as well as free from the elements such as usury (riba), gambling (maisir) and ambiguity (gharar). (Islamic world.net) Bank Practice: Past and Present The banking practice has already existed before the emergence of modern bank. This is because modern bank practice is based on ancient time that who first developed banking system which confines money exchange, interest, loans, depositing operations, credit transfer and etcetera. The ancient that are practice banking such as Babylon, Greece, Roman and the era of Prophet S.A.W. 2.1 Babylonian Civilization Babylon was ancient empire situated on the Euphrates River about 50 miles of modern Baghdad in southern Mesopotamia. Hammurabi was emerging as a ruler of Babylon then he expanded the empire and organized its own laws that called Code of Hammurabi around 2000 BC. The development economy of Babylon started at the end of 6000 BC by private banking system. This private banking business have owned by the families of Egibi. They were lending the loan to people by charging interest from 20% to 30 %. At the Babylon ancient, they are using silver coins as a medium exchange in any transaction for paying purpose. For the measuring, the silver will be arbitrated equal to value of the things. They were using silver coins because silver coins easy to keep and to be used. Besides using silver coins as the changes, they also used gold. The gold has been valued fifteen times more than silver coins valued. Upon the financing that increasingly exist, the power had legislated under Law of Hammurabi. It contained the rule of banking operation, interest loan and deposits. Babylon considered temple as the safe place to deposits their money. 2.2 Greek Civilization The banking practice in the ancient Greek is not differing much with ancient Babylonian. The ancient using temple as the safe place in deposited their money. The people in the ancient Greek, doing activities such as accepting deposits, exchanging money and making transfer between the difference cities and giving that is not differ than ancient Babylonian. However, during this ancient, the interest has been imposed on the lending of money within 6% to 12%. According to Henri Pirenne, an important transaction the interest rate was charged to 10% but at that time the interest arose to 50% or 100% or higher. 2.3 Roman Civilization Ancient Rome located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome and become the largest empire in the ancient world as early 10th BC. As a vast area of land, the main economy for ancient Rome focused on farming and trade. At the time, the empire imposed for tax collection. Usually the empire collected production tax from conquered territory. The tax was imposed on grain-producing lands. For that, the empire had developed coinage system with using bronze, brass and precious metal coins. But the end of 3rd century, major problems of debasements of the imperial currency had undermined in the coinage and the empire demand for irregular tax payments. 2.4 Banking Practice in the time of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. was born on 12 Rabiul Awal AD 570 in Mecca is now Saudi Arabia. His father was died before he born following with his mother when he at six years old. The Prophet S.A.W. was brought up by his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib and after that by his uncle Abu Talib. When the Prophet S.A.W. was young, his known as Al-Amin (the trustworthy) because his attitude that very nice and honest in every work and his life live. The Prophet S.A.W. then married to the wealthy widow Khadijah, a trader. At the age of 40, the Prophet S.A.W. received first revelations at Mount Hira. The Prophet S.A.W. has been appointed by Allah S.W.T. to spread Islam to all man to worship only one God and leave the futile things. However, the Prophet S.A.W. got against by the Quraisy and only several followers that believe on him. This situation makes the Prophet and his followers left Mecca and went to Yathrib (Medina) to spread Islam. The year the Prophet S.A.W. migrated to Yathrib, started the Islamic years which represented AH (after hijrah). Banking practice has already existed during the Prophet S.A.W. even bank institution does not exist yet. This was reported by Anas r.a the Prophet S.A.W selling a carpet and water vessel and was calling out for customers. A customers bid for one dirham, another customer bid for two dirham then the Prophet sold to him. During the Prophet S.A.W., he prohibits riba in any business transaction and followed the sharia compliants. There also developed a profit sharing in lending money. All the activities business based of partnership. There have different between before and after the coming of Islam. That time also, all Muslim have to pay the zakat in order to help the development of Muslim society. Finance system become more clearly and systematic when era Sayyidina Umar al-Khattab r.a. this is because in era Sayyidina Umar al-Khattab exist Bait al-Mal which is collected all property country from zakat, jizyah, kharaj and ghanimah. 3.0 Historical Development of Islamic Financial System in Malaysia Before the Islamic banking system had applied in Malaysia, Malaysia using conventional financial system to fulfill their financial needs. The roots of Islamic banking back to 1963 when the government established Pilgrims Management and Fund Board or Lembaga Urusan dan Tabung Haji (LUTH). This Tabung Haji established to invest the savings of local Muslim who intand to perform pilgrim (Hajj) with interest free. Tabung Haji applied Mudharabah a profit and loss sharing, Musyarakah, a joint venture and Ijrah, a leasing. These methods are under guidance of National Fatawah Committee of Malaysia. Establishment of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad started operation on July 1st 1983. This bank is the first bank who applied Sharia Compliants which is free in interest rate, and using profit and loss sharing. The establishment of Bank Islam is to develop any transaction in loan of money, leasing, which are related to Islamic way. Another company that established applying Islamic principles is Takaful Malaysia. This company is insurance company that applying shariah concept. The major shareholder of Takaful Malaysia is BIMB Holdings Berhad with equity 65.5%. The company objective is to provide insurance services based Islamic way with efficiency and professionalism to all Muslims and non Muslims in Malaysia. Nowadays, almost conventional bank have develop Islamic banking practice in one of their services which is gaining more benefits to all people. Islamic banking, the world accept the concept. Even non Muslims more choose Islamic financial rather than conventional financial in term of guaranteed for a years. 4.0 Objectives of Islamic Banking The goal of Islamic financing institution should be in conformity with the objectives of the Shariah itself (maqasid al-shariah). Muslims jurists have unanimously agreed that the welfare of the people and relief of their hardships is the basic objectives of Shariah. According to Al-Ghazali (Muhammad al-Ghazali: 1937) and al-Shatibi (Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi:pp 46-47) the welfare of the people which become objective of Shariah consist in five aspect : The very objective of the Shariah is to promote the welfare of the people which lies in safeguarding their faith (din), their human self (nafs), their intellect (aql) their posterity (nasl) and their wealth (mal). Whatever ensures the safeguard of these five serves public interest and is desirable. The objective of the Islamic financial system is based on Islamic Law and Shariah. The first objectives are to be treated as an important vehicle to transfer funds from the surplus to the deficit units. This is done to ensure the equitable allocation of capital to sectors which would yield the best returns to the owners of capital, thereby contributing towards the overall growth and expansion of an economy. Second objective of the Islamic financial system is to ensure that the surplus fund be attracted for worthwhile investments in accordance with the owners preference in terms of the extent of risk involvement, rate of return, as well as the period of investment. Third objective of the Islamic financial system is to help the fund owners to find sufficient opportunities to invest for the short-term. Since it is contrary to Shariah principles to hoard wealth, it is necessary for the wealth owners to invest their funds in projects of either short-term or long-term nature. Fourth objective of the Islamic financial system is to promote, foster and develop the application of Islamic principles, law and tradition to the transaction of financial, banking and related business affairs and to promote investment companies, enterprise and concern which shall themselves be engaged in business activities as are acceptable and consistent with Islamic principle, law and traditions. (M.Fahim Khan:1983) A fifth objective of the Islamic financial is to provide Shariah compliant and prudent banking opportunities, hence providing an opportunity to Muslims to do their banking transactions in a halal way. In other words, this is just an effort to avoid Riba and other prohibited elements from commercial and banking transactions. 5.0 Philosophy of Islamic Banking The Islamic Banking and financial system is part and parcel of Islamic economics system. Therefore, Islamic banking and financial system is founded on the basis of Islamic economic philosophy. The foundations of the Islamic economy lie in the following basic principles derived from various injunctions of the Quran and the Sunnah. There are three philosophical foundation of Islamic Banking which is tauhid, khalifah and adalah. 5.1 Tauhid (Unity of God) Tauhid is the essence of Islamic teaching. It is about the recognition that there is no gods, except the God. The God is One. It implicates that human being only submits him/her self to the will of God that implicitly recognizing the Gods sovereignty. The Quran says: to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and on earth, and all between them and beneath the soil Tauhid signifies mans commitment and total submission to Allah, in all aspects of his life. The other part of tauhid gives men the sense of being equals, free and independent of one another while they are equally dependent on Allah. It teaches men how to relate and deal with other fellowmen in the light of his relationship with Allah. Thus, it implies the principles of brotherhood, that each man is brother to other men and they are equal partner (Abdul-Hamid A. Abu Sulaiman: 1976). 5.2 Khalifah (vicegerency) Khalifah means obligation, obligation to Allah the Creator and The Owner of The universe. Man is the best of creations Human beings are the only species having been endowed with the qualities of conscience, intelligence, thinking and choice in order to fulfil his mission as Gods vicegerent. His main purpose of living in this world is to serve God and Him alone. On the individual level, it means that man has to worship the one God, behave in an ethical manner and realize his higher tendencies. The concept vicegerency of man implies and stresses that man is not sovereign; the only sovereign is Allah the exalted. Man is responsible for the implementation of Allahs sovereignty through the laws given by Him. 5.3 Adalah (ownership) Adalah is an ownership. This means the authority and power of possession. Based on this principle, man is neither the absolute owner nor the total possessor of the earth and its resources. Absolute power and complete possession belong only to Allah who has created man and all other creatures. Mans ownership then is limited to whatever Allah has wisely willed and to the capacity of his intellect, authority and freedom granted to him. Mans ownership in his analogy, is limited, borrowed, conditional and entrusted. (Seyyed Mahmood Taleqani:1983). 6.0 The Principles of Islamic Financial Institutions Islamic financial institutions have an important role to play in the light of Islamic teachings in order to please Allah (SWT). The fundamental principle of Islam states that the separation between temporal and religious matters is not permitted, which implies the compliance with Shariah as the basis for all aspects of life. This compliance covers not only religious worship but also business practices. Islamic financial institutions must operate within the framework of the religion, based on Quran and Sunnah. Hence their activity, transactions and behaviour must be in line with these principles. The basic principles that Islamic financial institutions must follow are: 6.1 Business Framework Islamic Banking System is based on Shariah Laws. Syariah laws ensure adherence to Islamic laws and provide guidance while the conventional financial systems is based only on man-made laws and no religious laws. 6.2 Interest (Riba) Interest (riba) in Islam is forbidden. Hence, all banking activities must avoid interest. Instead of interest, the bank earns profit (mark up) and fees on financing facilities it extends to customers. Also, depositors earn a share of the banks profit as opposed to interest. Within Islamic financial institutions, it is not allowed to charge for the mere use of money. Islamic financial institutions must trade in real assets or services whereas conventional financial institutions trade in money (buying money from depositors and selling money in the form of loans). Most the activities of the conventional financial institutions are interest based financing. 6.3 Prohibited activities Shariah prohibits using in certain activities. Islamic financial system must encourage and develop the applications of Islamic principles and law to transactions of finance, banking and business affairs. It controls the engagements of investment companies in activities that are tolerable and consistent with the Shariah law thus preventing the occurrence of activities forbidden by Islam. Only halal are allowed. Islamic financing will, therefore, be inappropriate in financing any enterprise involved in any type of activities that is unlawful in Islam or harmful mankind. For example, Islamic Bank does not finance liquor manufacturing, transportation, storage or distribution companies. 6.4 Contractual Relationship Contractual relationship in Islamic financial institution depends upon the nature of transaction. It could be a seller-buyer relationship (Murabahah), a lessor-lessee relationship (Ijara), a partnership (Musharakah) or a creditor-debtor relationship (Qard Hassan). In conventional financial institutions has only one relationship which is a creditor-debtor relationship (Qard Hassan) 6.5 Participation and risk sharing Another principle of Islamic finance is based on partnership and the sharing of risks. Islamic financial institutions offer investor/depositors participation in risk sharing type packages rather than fixed interest on deposit. Any risk-bearing instruments reflecting a real asset and earning a variable rate of return tied to the performance of the asset is considered to be consistent with Islamic law. In contrast to conventional banking principles what is condemned in Islamic banking is the notion of a risk free reward or return. The Islamic financial system employs the concept of participation in the enterprise, utilizing the funds at risk on a profit and loss sharing basis, thus encouraging better resource management. Management of the enterprise can be in one of several forms depending on whether the financing is through Mudarabah, Musharaka and so on. The relation of investors to the institution is that of partners whereas that of conventional banking is that of creditor investor. The Islamic financial system is based on equity whereas the conventional banking system is loan based. 7.0 Modern banking operations according to shariah principles. Islamic banking refers to a system of banking or banking activity that is consistent with the principles of Islamic law (Shariah). The principles were used as the basis for a flourishing economy in earlier times, it is only in the late 20th century that a number of Islamic banks were formed to apply these principles to private or semi-private commercial institutions within the Muslim community. The first modern experiment with Islamic banking was undertaken in Egypt under cover without projecting an Islamic image. The first modern commercial Islamic bank, Dubai Islamic bank opened in 1975. In the early years, the products offered were basic and strongly founded on conventional banking products. However, in the last few years, the industry is starting to come up with strong development in new products and services. Islamic Banking is growing at a rate of 10-15% per year and with signs of consistent future growth. Islamic banks have more than 300 institutions spread over 51 countries, including the United States. It is estimated that over US$822 billion worldwide shariah-compliant assets are managed according to The Economist (Wikipedia) Islamic banking has the same purpose as conventional banking except its operates in accordance with the rules of Shariah, known as Fiqh al-Muamalat (Islamic rules on transactions). The basic principle of Islamic banking is the sharing of profit and loss and the prohibition of riba (usury). Common terms used in Islamic banking include profit sharing (Mudharabah), safekeeping (Wadiah), joint venture (Musharakah), cost plus (Murabahah), and leasing (Ijarah).(Wikipedia) Islamic banking is restricted to Islamic acceptable transactions, which exclude those involving alcohol, pork, gambling, etc. The aim of this is to engage in only ethical investing and moral purchasing. 7.1 Baial Inah (sale and buy-back agreement) Bai al inah is a financing facility with the underlying buy and sell transactions between the financier and the customer. The financier buys an asset from the customer on spot basis. The price paid by the financier constitutes the disbursement under the facility. Subsequently the asset is sold to the customer on a deferred-payment basis and the price is payable in installments. The second sale serves to create the obligation on the part of the customer under the facility. 7.2 BaiMuajjal (Credit Sale) Literally bai muajjal means a credit sale. Technically, it is a financing technique adopted by Islamic banks that takes the form of murabahah muajjal. It is a contract in which the bank earns a profit margin on the purchase price and allows the buyer to pay the price of the commodity at a future date in a lump sum or in installments. It has to expressly mention cost of the commodity and the margin of profit is mutually agreed. The price fixed for the commodity in such a transaction can be the same as the spot price or higher or lower than the spot price. Bai muajjal is also called a deferred-payment sale. However, one of the essential descriptions of riba is an unjustified delay in payment or either increasing or decreasing the price if the payment is immediate or delayed. 7.3 Musharakah (joint venture) Musharakah is an agreement between two or more partners, whereby each partner provides funds to be used in a venture. Under Islamic jurisprudence, Musharakah means a join enterprise formed for conducting some business in which all partners share the profit according to a specific ratio while the is shared according to the ratio of the contribution. Profits made are shared between the partners according to the invested capital. In case of loss, each partner loses capital in the same ratio. If the Bank provides capital, the same conditions apply. It is this financial risk, according to the Shariah, that justifies the banks claim to part of the profit. A working partner gets a greater profit share compared to a sleeping (non-working) partner.(Muhammad Imran Ashraf Usmani,2002) 7.4 Mudarabah A special kind of partnership where one partner gives money to another for investing it in a commercial enterprise. The investment comes from the first partner who is called rabb-ul-mal, while the management and work is an exclusive responsibility of the other, who is called mudarib and the profits generated are shared in a predetermined ratio. The Mudarabah (Profit Sharing) is a contract, with one party providing the capital and the other party providing its specialist knowledge to invest the capital and manage the investment project. Profits generated are shared between the parties according to a pre-agreed ratio. 7.5 Murabahah This concept refers to the sale of goods at a price, which includes a profit margin agreed to by both parties. The purchase and selling price, other costs, and the profit margin must be clearly stated at the time of the sale agreement. The bank is compensated for the time value of its money in the form of the profit margin. This is a fixed-income loan for the purchase of a real asset such as real estate or a vehicle, with a fixed rate of profit determined by the profit margin. The bank is not compensated for the time value of money outside of the contracted term, meaning the bank cannot charge additional profit on late payments, however, the asset remains as a mortgage with the bank until the default is settled. 7.6 Musawamah Negotiation of selling price between two parties without reference by the seller to the costs or asking price of the goods or item. While the seller may or may not have full knowledge of the cost of the item being negotiated, they are under no obligation to reveal these costs as part of the negotiation process. This difference in obligation by the seller is the key distinction between Murabahah and Musawamah with all other rules as described in Murabahah remaining the same. Musawamah is the most common type of trading negotiation seen in Islamic commerce. 7.7 Bai salam Means a contract which is made advance payment for goods that to be delivered later. The seller undertakes to supply some specific goods to the buyer at a future date in exchange of an advance price fully paid at the time of contract. It is necessary that the quality of the commodity intended to be purchased is fully specified leaving no ambiguity leading to dispute. The purpose of use Salam is to meet the need of small farmers who need money to grow their crops and to feed their family up to the time of harvest. Otherwise, it is important for import and export. Under Salam, it is allowed for them to sell the goods in advance. After receiving their cash price, they can easily undertake the aforesaid business. Salam is beneficial to the seller because he receive the price in advance and it was beneficial to the buyer because the price in Salam is lower than the price in spot sales. 7.8 Ijarah Means lease, rent or wage. Generally, Ijarah concept means selling the benefit of use or service for a fixed price or wage. Under this concept, the Bank makes available to the customer the use of service of assets / equipments such as plant, motor vehicle. 7.9 Ijarah wal iqtina A contract under Islamic bank provides equipment, building, or other assets to the client against an agreed rental together with a unilateral undertaking by the bank or the client. At the end of the lease period, the ownership in the asset would be transferred to the lessee. The undertaking or the promise does not become an integral part of the lease contract to make it conditional. The rentals as well as the purchase price are fixed in such manner that the bank gets back its principal sum along with profit over the period of lease. 7.10 Qard Hassan (good loan/benevolent loan) This is a loan extended on a goodwill basis, and the debtor is only required to repay the amount borrowed. However, the debtor may pay an extra amount beyond the principal amount of the loan without promising it, as a token of appreciation to the creditor. In the case that the debtor does not pay an extra amount to the creditor, this transaction is a true interest-free loan. Some Muslims consider this to be the only type of loan that does not violate the prohibition on riba, since it is the one type of loan that truly does not compensate the creditor for the time value of money. 7.11 Wadiah(safekeeping) In Wadiah, a bank is deemed as a keeper and trustee of funds. A person deposits funds in the bank and the bank guarantees refund of the entire amount of the deposit, or any part of the outstanding amount, when the depositor demands it. The depositor, at the banks discretion, may be rewarded with Hibah as a form of appreciation for the use of funds by the bank. Conclusion Today, Islamic banking practice had already worldwide. Almost all conventional bank in the world applied Islamic banking practice which is suitable to apply even the whole world having the economic crisis. Shaykh Yusuf DeLorenzo, a Virgina-based Islamic scholar says in the book of Islamic Banking-Finance in South-East Asia a financial system without interest is more interested. Islamic banking that is based on Shariah compliants prohibits an interest which is powerful tool of exploitation of one sector of society by another (Angelo M. Venardos). Shariah compliants have adopted principles of Islamic banking and finance to guide the people in any transaction that people do. The principles are such as Baial Inah (sale and buy-back agreement), Baial Inah (sale and buy-back agreement), Musharakah (joint venture), Mudarabah, Murabahah, Musawamah, Bai salam, Ijarah, Ijarah wal iqtina, Qard Hassan (good loan/benevolent loan), and Wadiah(safekeeping). But even Islamic banking practice now is worldwide and almost all people accept Islamic banking some issues have raised up example, why people non-Muslims more prefer choose Islamic banking rather than Muslims selves? Even though Islamic banking practice is the first built at Islamic countries with the populations are among Muslims example of Malaysia. This issue that related to Muslims people are such an embarrassed to Islam self cause the Muslims does not supported Islamic banking practice that now already spread to the world. The Muslims thought that Islamic banking charged highest interest rather than conventional system. This narrow thought must be cleared from their mind as not, Islam will down fall as before. Reference Basic story https://www.islamic-finance.com/item36_f.htm banking business past and present (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() Mohd. Ali Muhamad Don:Mengembalikan Kegemilangan Baitul Mal seperti era Khalifah Umar https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010HYPERLINK https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010dt=1105pub=Utusan_Malaysiasec=Rencanapg=re_03.hhtmHYPERLINK https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010dt=1105pub=Utusan_Malaysiasec=Rencanapg=re_03.hhtmdt=1105HYPERLINK https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010dt=1105pub=Utusan_Malaysiasec=Rencanapg=re_03.hhtmHYPERLINK https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010dt=1105pub=Utusan_Malaysiasec=Rencanapg=re_03.hhtmpub=Utusan_MalaysiaHYPERLINK https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010dt=1105pub=Utusan_Malaysiasec=Rencanapg=re_03.hhtmHYPERLINK https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010dt=1105pub=Utusan_Malaysiasec=Rencanapg=re_03.hhtmsec=RencanaHYPERLINK https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010dt=1105pub=Utusan_Malaysiasec=Rencanapg=re_03.hhtmHYPERLINK https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2010dt=1105pub=Ut usan_Malaysiasec=Rencanapg=re_03.hhtmpg=re_03.hhtm Islamic Banking in Malaysia https://www.islamic-world.net/islamic-state/malay_islambank.htm History of Banking https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_banking Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-70853109636036300362020-05-06T10:43:00.001-07:002020-05-06T10:43:54.513-07:00Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920ââ¬â¢s Free Essays In his book, Major Problems in Mexican American History, Zaragosa Vargas describes the Mexican Immigrant experience from 1917-1928. He begins by assessing the Protestant religious experience for a Mexican in the early 1920ââ¬â¢s, and then describes Mexican life in both Colorado in 1924 and Chicago in 1928. After defending Mexican Immigrants in 1929, he includes an outline of an Americanization program, followed by an anecdote of a Mexican immigrant in the 1920ââ¬â¢s. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920ââ¬â¢s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vargas uses these documents to show the evolvement of Americanization of Mexicans from a community goal to a societal demand. Vargas begins with the Mexican Immigrant experience in the early 1920ââ¬â¢s, and describes it mostly as a community project spearheaded by the Church and called for the aid of volunteers. The children learned and studied English in school, so the programs focused mostly on courses in English for the wives and mothers of the community. These English courses consisted mostly of vocabulary for familiar and most frequently seen objects. Sunday schools resulted from this process, and in turn made way for the development of night schools, clinics, an employment bureau, and a boys and girlââ¬â¢s club. In Colorado in 1924, Mexicans played a respectable role in society as not only a decent part of the population, but also the labor force. Spanish-Americans took a notable part in politics, and were involved in many occupations that included mostly agriculture, mining, and steel works. The recreation was also important to Spanish-American life in Colorado; the somewhat newly developed buildings were a source of community for many. Mexicans in Chicago in 1928, Vargas argues, lived a very different lifestyle and endured different hardships than the Mexicans in the Southwest. They were a much smaller part of the community, consisting of small, well-defined neighborhoods and several smaller less defined colonies. These Mexicans lived in the poorest houses in these neighborhoods, and most buildings guaranteed poor living conditions for these families. Employment only came certain times during the year when demand for labor was high, and it was the Mexicans who suffered most when certain industries reduced labor. In the words of Anita Edgar Jones, ââ¬Å"They are the last to arrive and the first to be laid offâ⬠(Vargas). Mexican Life in Chicago during this time period served as a temporary solution for many families as they moved from recent arrivals to a more desirable place with better opportunity as they became more established and stabilized. Some neighborhoods were poorly organized for recreation, and even lacked Spanish-speaking employees at their community or recreation centers. Communities also lacked a Spanish-speaking priest, which is evidently different from early Americanization programs implemented in the Southwest in the early 1920ââ¬â¢s. After addressing and defending most of the problems of Mexican Immigration in 1929, Vargas moves on to an outline of a typical Americanization program in 1931, where the Mexican Immigrant experience evolved from a community project that supported and encouraged Mexican assimilation, to a list of demands and requirements for Mexican and Spanish Americans to be acceptable members of society. Vargas uses these documents to show the progression of assimilation of Spanish Americans and Mexican immigrants into American society in the 1920ââ¬â¢s. The life of a Mexican Immigrant during this time was very taxing, and these Americanization programs were used as a tool to attempt to create a society that operated under certain ideologies and values. As a result, this created an even stronger division between cultures, and prevented assimilation of the two groups. How to cite Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920ââ¬â¢s, Essay examples Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-51855854863902051522020-04-29T16:50:00.001-07:002020-04-29T16:50:03.191-07:00Public Policy Administration in Modern Society Table of Contents Introduction Healthcare inequalities Conclusion References Introduction Public policy administration can be defined as ââ¬Å"the implementation of government policies, based on the expert analysis and the resolution of specific issues that generally have far-reaching impact on the citizens who live under the government in questionâ⬠(Stewart, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy Administration in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Public policy is mainly handled by the following groups. First, we have interests groups and they are ââ¬Å"people who always bargain on behalf of the citizensâ⬠(Cochran Mayer, 2011). For example they can pressurize for the implementation of the public interests. Secondly, we have politicians. This group of individuals is mainly preoccupied with the role of ensuring that the government operates within the countryââ¬â¢s constitution and also implements its policies within the accepted framework (Stewart, 2007). The third group is the citizens and they mainly participate in public administration through voting. The public vote is very important because it is one of the key mechanisms that are used in choosing the public leaders. The constituents can channel their interests to the government through their representatives. Public policy is meant to improve the leaving conditions of the citizens and at the same time it is meant to ensure that the government bureaucracy is well maintained. In this case the policy stakeholders ensure that both the government and public interests are fulfilled. Healthcare inequalities People have always been discriminated in social economic and political circles. For example there many inequalities when it comes to access to medical and healthcare services. Healthcare inequality can be defined ââ¬Å"as the disparities in the access to adequate healthcare between differen t gender, race, and socioeconomic groupsâ⬠(Dolgoff, 2008). Healthcare inequalities are more common in countries which are poor and still develop as compared to the industrialized nations. However, healthcare inequalities have also been experienced in developed countries like USA (Dolgoff, 2008). There are three examples of healthcare inequalities in USA and they include the following. Socioeconomic constrains always hinder people from getting proper healthcare. For example the poor people in USA cannot take health insurance covers to cater for their medical bills. Most of the poor people do odd jobs which do not offer medical allowances.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They are also not much aware of their healthcare needs due to their poor education backgrounds. The rich people on the other hand have enough money to spend on healthcare and in most cases they do well paying job s that provide incentives such as family health insurance cover. Health inequalities are also based on race. For instance in USA the provision of healthcare is still dictated by ones race. People from minority groups always get the worst medical attention and they do not have substantial health insurance covers compared to the whites who have well developed healthcare facilities and more insurance covers. The last category of healthcare inequality is gender based. Men in USA have less access to health care compared to women. Women are also perceived to be more conscious about their health status. This makes them struggle to have medical insurance programs than men do. Medical care is also generally expensive due to lack of enough government support (Cochran Mayer, 2011). Conclusion For the status of the American citizens to be uplifted it is important for the USA government to design policies that can boost the job market so that people can have enough resources to sustain themselv es. The citizens as one of the interests groups should also be given an opportunity to fully participate in the process of making and implementation of the public policies (Dolgoff, 2008). References Cochran, C., Mayer, L. (2011). American public policy; an introduction. Boston: Wadsworth. Dolgoff, R. (2008). Understanding social welfare: a search for social justice. New York: Allyn and Bacon. Stewart, J. (2007). Public policy: a revolutinary approach. Boston: Wadsworth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy Administration in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Public Policy Administration in Modern Society was written and submitted by user Alexzander W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-4689928768867747422020-03-20T18:44:00.001-07:002020-03-20T18:44:03.633-07:00An Investigation of the Eddy Currents EssaysAn Investigation of the Eddy Currents Essays An Investigation of the Eddy Currents Essay An Investigation of the Eddy Currents Essay An Eddy Current is a closed cringle current that flows in a music director. They are created when a music director s magnetic field is exposed to alter, normally when the music director comes in contact with another magnetic field or when a stationary object enters the music director s magnetic field. These currents circulate and create electromagnets with magnetic Fieldss that will oppose the alteration in the external magnetic field. In other words, the eddy current will be created in the opposite way of the field s motion. Eddy Currents are used for electromagnetic braking in trains and roller coasters as they both travel at a really high degree of inertia therefore doing it hard for them to safely interrupt or hold gesture. In a train, electromagnets placed near to the metal rails induce Eddy currents which so produce magnetic Fieldss within the tracks. The interaction between the magnetic Fieldss opposes the forward gesture of the electromagnets and the train which consequences in the slowing of the train because the strength of the induced Eddy currents is straight relative to the velocity of the train therefore the braking force is reduced as the train slows down. In a roller coaster, a Cu home base is attached to the drive passenger car. As the drive passes between lasting strong magnets attached near the underside of the path, eddy currents are created every bit good as opposite magnetic poles in the Cu home base and magnets. The corporate consequence of interaction between the lasting magnets and Cu home base slows the drive ; because like the train the strength of the eddy currents within the home base is straight relative to the velocity of the home base traveling between the magnetic poles therefore as the drive slows the braking force is reduced. Advantage of Magnetic Braking Mechanisms Virtually fail safe as it relies on the basic belongingss of magnetic attraction and is non affected by assorted elements such as rain like clash brakes. No mechanical wear and tear, hence there is no demand to replace Produces a precise breakage force Purpose: To find if the type of stuff and the thickness of stuff has an consequence on the braking force of an object. Through the usage of electromagnets, the experiment will besides find if eddy currents have a direct impact on the braking force of an object. Hypothesis: Newton s 2nd jurisprudence provinces that the force applied to an object produces a relative acceleration. From the experiment, the braking force created by eddy currents will hold a direct impact on the slowing of a pendulum in gesture. As Cu has a lower electric resistance, it should hold the greatest braking force as the Eddy currents will hold a greater impact on the gesture of the Cu pendulum. Brass has a high electric resistance ; therefore it should hold a much lower braking force caused by the eddy currents. The thicker the conductive home base, the greater the braking force. The more conductive a home base is, the greater the eddy currents that will be produced as there is less electric resistance. Variables: Mugwump: Thickness of stuff and Type of stuff Dependent: Rate of Deceleration Equipment: 2 Electromagnets 1 Transformer ( power battalion ) 2 Copper pendulums, varied thickness 2 Aluminium pendulums, varied thickness 2 Brass pendulums, varied thickness Connecting wires Video Camera Compass Supporting Frame Plastic tube Safety: Ensure transformer ( power battalion ) is turned off when circuit is being connected Method: Measure the thickness of each pendulum utilizing a screw pot, so weigh the pendulum. Record the thickness and weight of each pendulum. Position the supporting frame and plastic tube on the axel of where the pendulum will hang ( so that the pendulum does non travel back and Forth ) and connect electromagnets in series utilizing the power battalion, linking wires and electromagnets. ( Fig. 1.1 ) Note that electromagnets must hold opposite poles in order for magnetic force to be present. Test the poles by utilizing a compass. Voltage: 8 V Current: 0.1 ma Attach pendulum 1 to back uping frame. Turn off magnet and pull pendulum up to specific tallness. Record the gesture of the pendulum upon release utilizing the picture camera. Let go of the pendulum. Observe until the pendulum comes to a stationary place. Stop picture recording. Repeat procedure 5-7 this clip with the electromagnet on. Attach pendulum 2 to back uping frame. Repeat steps 5-9 until all pendulums have been used in the experiment ( 2 Cu, 2 aluminum, 2 brass all varied thickness ) Input each picture into tracker. Using tracker, find the initial and concluding speed of each pendulum swing. Calculate acceleration and Braking Force utilizing speed consequences obtained from tracker. To obtain the consequences from the experiment, tracker had to be used to happen points needed to cipher the initial speed. To happen the initial speed, we used the expression: m=|y2-y1 | | x2-x1 | To happen the acceleration of the pendulum: a = U_ 0.033s x ( # of frames 5 U ) 0.033 is the rate at which the picture camera captures image To happen the Braking Force of the pendulum: F = m a Consequences Material Electromagnet Thickness ( millimeter ) Weight ( g ) Initial Velocity ( U ) MS? Concluding Velocity ( V ) MS? Acceleration Braking Force ( N ) Copper 1 Magnet 0.15 3.44 0.75 0 -0.0891 -0.307 No Magnet 0.15 3.44 0.4768 0 -0.0387 -0.1331 Copper 2 Magnet 0.55 13.90 0.6871 0 -0.0431 -0.5991 No Magnet 0.55 13.90 0.5755 0 -0.0345 -0.4796 Aluminum 1 Magnet 0.33 1.98 0.8129 0 -0.0622 -0.123 No Magnet 0.33 1.98 0.6753 0 -0.0497 -0.098 Aluminum 2 Magnet 1.63 15.10 0.5957 0 -0.0594 -0.897 No Magnet 1.63 15.10 0.654 0 -0.0452 -0.6825 Brass 1 Magnet 0.14 3.62 2/3 0 -0.0404 -0.1462 No Magnet 0.14 3.62 0.453 0 -0.025 -0.0905 Brass 2 Magnet 0.81 11.74 0.666 0 -0.0412 -0.4837 Anomaly No Magnet 0.81 11.74 0.743 0 -0.0447 -0.5248 Anomaly Interpretation A ; Analysis: Forms, Trends and Discrepancies: Strengths and Failings of attack: Potential Beginnings of Mistake: Measuring the thickness of each pendulum utilizing a prison guard pot Measuring the mass of each pendulum alterations to the original program are identified and justified. Decision: that explains cause-and-effect relationship between dependant and independent variables ; alternate accounts are identified ; hypothesis is supported or rejected. Part 2 Magnetic Induction Research Paper 1. Outline Michael Faraday s find of the coevals of an electric current by a moving magnet. Michael Faraday was an English chemist and physicist best known for his pioneering experiments in electricity and magnetic attraction. In 1785, Charles Coulomb demonstrated how electric charges repel one another. In 1820 Hans Christian Oersted and Andre Marie Ampere discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field. This led Faraday to believe that since an electric current could make a magnetic field, a magnetic field in bend should be able to bring forth an electric current. This was based on his thoughts about the preservation of energy. In 1831 Faraday demonstrated this through an experiment: He attached two wires through a sliding contact to touch a revolving Cu phonograph record located between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. This set-up was the equivalent of switching a magnetic field near to an electric circuit which in bend induced a uninterrupted direct current. Faraday explained that the traveling disc induced the electric current as it cut a series of lines of magnetic force emanating from the magnetic field. The connecting wires enabled the current to flux in an external circuit. This experiment was the innovation of the first electric generator. 2. Describe the construct of magnetic flux and how it relates to magnetic flux denseness ( B ) and surface country ( A ) . The construct of magnetic flux is a step of the measure of magnetic attraction, taking into history the strength of the magnetic field. Magnetic flux { measured in Webers ( Wb ) } is the sum of magnetic field that is fluxing through a certain country A. This can be represented by the entire figure of magnetic flux lines that pass through country A. This relates to magnetic flux denseness ( B ) { measured in Webers per sq. meter ( Wb m-2 ) } because the stronger the magnetic field in a specific point the higher the magnetic flux denseness ( B ) at that particular point which mean s there are more magnetic flux lines that are go throughing through that country. To cipher the magnetic flux ( entire sum of perpendicular magnetic field go throughing through an country or a surface ( A ) ) : Flux = Flux Density x Area = B x A 3. Outline Lenz s Law and history for Lenz s Law in footings of preservation of energy. Lenz discovered a manner to happen the way of the induced electric currents that were predicted by Faraday s jurisprudence which states that an electric current that is induced by a altering magnetic field will in bend bring on its ain magnetic field. Lenz s jurisprudence states that whenever there is an induced electromotive force ( voltage ) within a music director, it will ever be in a way that the current created will oppose the alteration which causes the induced voltage. This jurisprudence is a effect of the Law of Conservation of Energy which states that in the altering from one signifier to another, energy is ever conserved. For illustration: A current is produced from the interpolation of a magnet into a spiral of wire that is connected to a circuit with a microammeter. The traveling magnet induces an electric current in the wire which so creates its ain magnetic field. In conformity with Lenz s jurisprudence, the created magnetic field must oppose the traveling magnet ( the cause of the magnetic field ) . Thus the magnetic field will be in the way that will seek to halt the moving magnet. Hence it adheres to the Law of Conservation of Energy. If the current did non oppose the traveling magnet, the created magnetic field would so increase the magnet s speed and thereby increase its kinetic energy which bypasses the Law of Conservation of Energy. 4. Sketch how the magnetic initiation is used in cook-tops in electric scopes. Magnetic initiation does non affect bring forthing heat which is so transferred to the cook-top. Alternatively it makes the cook-top itself the heat generator to cook the nutrient. Magnetic Initiation is used in cook-tops in electric scopes through the usage of electricity to bring forth a magnetic field that sends currents into Fe atoms that react by motion which causes clash and heat in a metal vas. How Induction Cooking Works: Electricity powers a spiral ( represented by the ruddy lines ) that in bend produces a high frequence jumping current is passed through the spiral making a fluctuating electromagnetic field ( represented by the orange lines ) . That field penetrates the metal of the ferromagnetic stuff cooking vas and sets up a go arounding electric current, in other words an eddy current, which generates heat. The heat generated in the cook-top is transferred to the cook- tops contents. Nothing outside the cook-top is affected as the eddy currents Fieldss are trapped within the cook-top as it is an electrical dielectric. 5. Discourse the demand for step-up and step-down transformers in the transportation of electrical energy from a power station to its point of usage. Bibliography hypertext transfer protocol: //electricitymagnetism.suite101.com/article.cfm/understanding_lenzs_law hypertext transfer protocol: //www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae572.cfm hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/how-does_4964019_eddy-currents-work.html hypertext transfer protocol: //csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newton3laws.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/conservation-of-energy hypertext transfer protocol: //www.toolbase.org/Technology-Inventory/Appliances/induction-cooktops hypertext transfer protocol: //theinductionsite.com/how-induction-works.shtml hypertext transfer protocol: //www.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xfaraday.html Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-21175439211354709392020-03-04T10:31:00.001-08:002020-03-04T10:31:02.759-08:0020 Big Fat Lies College Professors Tell Us20 Big Fat Lies College Professors Tell Us Grab a tub of popcorn, sit back and relax because youââ¬â¢re about to go through the top 20 big fat lies that college professors tell their students in colleges from sea to shining sea. Youââ¬â¢ll be hard pressed to think of any others. This list pretty much covers every base. Enjoy! 1. ââ¬Å"You canââ¬â¢t wait until the night before the exam to study and hope to pass it.â⬠Not true. There are many different little details and variables to consider here. Itââ¬â¢s actually quite possible to procrastinate and still get good grades. 2. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll have the tests/exams/homework graded and back to you by the end of the week.â⬠Yeah right. Some professors are pretty good about this, while others arenââ¬â¢t because theyââ¬â¢re so bogged down with classes. Theyââ¬â¢ve got hundreds of tests to grade and papers to inscribe in their ledger. Donââ¬â¢t count on it. 3. ââ¬Å"What youââ¬â¢re learning in this class will prepare you for the real world.â⬠Absolutely not true. Thatââ¬â¢s like saying that working out will prepare a gladiator for battle. Knowledge is helpful, but thereââ¬â¢s a big difference between the classroom and the world off campus. 4. ââ¬Å"If you fail 101, you should probably choose a different major.â⬠Huh? If you have your heart set on a major but bomb 101 that just means you need to try harder. For example, just because a music student struggles with reading and writing music theory doesnââ¬â¢t mean theyââ¬â¢re not gifted musicians. 5. ââ¬Å"I take each one of your papers and read through them thoroughly.â⬠Really? That is almost never true. There simply isnââ¬â¢t enough time. 6. ââ¬Å"I can spot an A-student from a mile off.â⬠Maybe they can and maybe they canââ¬â¢t. Theyââ¬â¢re likely just trying to come off as superior or trying to intimidate students to try and scare off the rabble. A-students are made, not born. 7. ââ¬Å"I do give extensions and I consider exceptions to conventional rules.â⬠If they need to announce this then thereââ¬â¢s probably some strings attached. Extensions typically come with a certain type of price tag. 8. ââ¬Å"This is a fabulous field to focus on, with plentiful employment opportunities.â⬠With only a tiny few exceptions, a college degree in any major doesnââ¬â¢t mean a job at all. Period. Youââ¬â¢re heading into the 21st century online globalized workforce. 9. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m not paid enough to be biased.â⬠Everyone is biased, especially a professor. 10. ââ¬Å"I care deeply about your success in this major.â⬠How is it possible for a professor to care about hundreds of incoming and outgoing students year over year? Maybe if you establish a strong relationship with them, otherwise this is a stretch. 11. ââ¬Å"This is by far the very best class Iââ¬â¢ve ever taught.â⬠How clichà ©. Unless youââ¬â¢re in a truly legendary class for some reason then whatââ¬â¢s the point of that statement? 12. ââ¬Å"Oh yes, I always knew I was going to become a college professor.â⬠Could be true, but in most cases itââ¬â¢s not. Remember the old saying, ââ¬Å"Those that canââ¬â¢t do, teach.â⬠13. ââ¬Å"This is the first time Iââ¬â¢ve had to do this butâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Teachers say this to their classes from 1st grade to graduate year Senior Seminar. 14. ââ¬Å"Your final GPA will make a huge impact on the rest of your life.â⬠Not true. The GPA is just a number and has no direct bearing on what you are or are not capable of accomplishing in life. 15. ââ¬Å"I expect the best out of my students.â⬠No, they probably donââ¬â¢t. The longer theyââ¬â¢ve been teachers the less true this statement is likely to be. 16. ââ¬Å"The tests arenââ¬â¢t whatââ¬â¢s most important here.â⬠At the end of the day thatââ¬â¢s simply not true. Take away the need to pass tests and exams, and whatââ¬â¢s left? 17. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t accept excuses.â⬠Maybe not excuses, but there are always extenuating circumstances that all professors must take into account. 18. ââ¬Å"Oh sure, you can stop by my office anytime you need and my doorââ¬â¢s always open.â⬠This is so not true, especially if they teach a common elective course or core required course within a popular major. When theyââ¬â¢re door is open thereââ¬â¢s probably a line and someone already inside. 19. ââ¬Å"If you show up to each lecture, youââ¬â¢ll pass my class.â⬠This isnââ¬â¢t true. Thereââ¬â¢s a fair amount to be said with exposure, listening intently and taking notes but just showing up doesnââ¬â¢t guarantee anything. 20. ââ¬Å"Just be honest, donââ¬â¢t write what you know I want to hear.â⬠Donââ¬â¢t ever fall for this one. Aim to strike a balance between stretching your limits and the limits of the class/instructions, and being honest. What other lies have you heard from your professors? Share in comments! Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-13724450176235300332020-02-17T01:57:00.001-08:002020-02-17T01:57:03.386-08:00Performance Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsPerformance Engineering - Essay Example As the user continues to value the performance of a given project so is the time that the user also needs to concentrate on the risks that might lead to the failure of the set project. In addition, there are quality requirements that the user will have to put into consideration. For instance, scalability and performance are two qualities of service requirements. In addition, manageability as well as security are among other quality of the service requirements. The user needs to put into consideration in order to reduce risks as well boost performance of the system at he same time. Furthermore, the user can employ the mechanism of reactive against reactive mechanism in order to ensure that there is improved performance of any given project at a given time(Rangaswami et al.). In most organizations performance level is not in developers consideration until the point where the customer lounges a complaint against the performance standards of that particularly given project. Meaning, for the production, to meet the clientââ¬â¢s expectation. Then it has to be frequently evaluated. On the other hand, there are many problems to consider when it comes to the reactive approach (Woodward M). Performance downfalls enter from time to time just from an early stage of the designs and at the same time the design problems can be hard to fix through more efficient coding. In addition, installing architectural problems thereafter in a given cycle is sometimes hard to make. Furthermore, making it at a later stage is not only difficult and complicated but also very costly to t he user. Performance is a persistent quality of hardware systems; everything has an impact on it, ranging from software itself to the rest of the underlying layers, such as hardware, system, communications network and middleware. The process involves a performance engineering, which incorporates efforts Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-29697213016559101452020-02-03T03:19:00.001-08:002020-02-03T03:19:04.137-08:00Turning around fortunes at Procter & Gamble EssayTurning around fortunes at Procter & Gamble - Essay Example In P&G company, much attention is paid to the social dimension. The main responsibility of the leaders of the company is to build the working environment to welcome and inspire diversity. P&G company is driven by the idea of creating the favorable surroundings where all the employees would feel comfortable being themselves. The major aspects under focus are the equality in terms of access to information, and the equality on opportunities in terms of learning, developing and growing both ââ¬â professionally and personally. Numerous training, learning and coaching programs are provided systematically and are aimed at enhancing work/life integration, personal productivity and maintaining of the corporate culture. All the employees are monitored through surveys and culture sensing in order to determine the level of competence and commitment (Wagner & Hollenbeck, 2014). Technological environment:P&Gââ¬â¢s Global Medical organization advises and assists management and employees to a ssure a safe, healthy work environment. Global medical delivers preventive health services to all employees, at all sites. It manages health issues that may affect employees, technologies, and brands (Wagner & Hollenbeck, 2014).For all the companies worldwide there are a lot of safety, health, and environmental regulations to be followed. Factories and plants are required to limit their emissions and fulfill all the regulations within a production process, discussed in law, permits and statutes Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-18964320044114196532020-01-25T23:43:00.001-08:002020-01-25T23:43:05.712-08:00The objectives of Vodafone and how the stakeholders are influencedThe objectives of Vodafone and how the stakeholders are influenced Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate the objectives of Vodafone and how the stakeholders are influenced by the company. It further illustrates the impact of the economic, social and global environment on Vodafone and how it helps them in making decisions. Moreover, the second half of the assignment shows how organizations in general act, role of the market structures and what are the strategies employed by the organizations to deal with them. Finally, The last task gives a good knowledge of how UK businesses have been affected by the European Union and whether joining the European Monitory Union is a solution to overcome recession. Mission, Objectives and responsibilities of an organization within its environment Mission, objectives and values: Vodafone is relatively a new company if it is compared with other UKs leading multinational companies such as Shell, BP and Rolls-Royce who have been in the industry for more than a century. Vodafone has defined a consistent set of values to achieve the aim of being a respected and pioneering company that puts the customer at the heart of their business. The essence of who they are underpins their values. They emphasize in the importance of; Speedà Vodafone is focused on speed to market, meaning they persistently prioritise and pursue the outcomes that matter to their business. Simplicityà They make things simple for their customers, partners and colleagues. Trustà They are reliable and transparent to deal with. They deliver for others, and believe on others to do the same. Their objective just like any other organization is reasonably high but they make no compromises in achieving their goals by not only having a bigger portfolio then the rivals but also by making sure that all the stake holders are influenced by the companys products and services. Influence of Stakeholders Vodafone believes in having constant feedbacks therefore dialogue between stakeholders is a part of normal business practice to them. This way the stakeholders are kept influenced by the company. Vodafone has the following stakeholders; Customers: Customers are the first priority and Vodafone ensures they are taken good care of. No customer would expect to be the cash cows hence it is essential that they are not overcharged for the products or services they use. They ensure this by marketing honestly; communicating openly and making sure customers are happy. Employees: Vodafone strongly believes that for customer satisfaction it is essential that the staff is well trained and have good knowledge of the products and services they are offering. Vodafone does that by recruiting and retaining the best people, invest in improving their skills and motivate employees by setting clear goals and reward them for achievements. Shareholders: They are the ones who have invested their money and time in the organization and therefore expect great returns or the share value of their company will decrease. Supply chain partners: The suppliers demands fairness and want to be dealt effectively and paid on time or it may cause a bad name for the company. Local community: They participate in local and national charities through The Vodafone UK Foundation, observe and aggressively reduce the impact of the business on the environment by recyclingà mobile phones, reducing waste and energy saving activities. They also make certain that the concerns of local communities, pressure groups and all other stake holders are heard and considered before coming to a decision. Government: The governments controls organizations by putting laws and acting as watchdogs what the wants taxes, regenerate the area to reduce unemployment and ease disaffection amongst communities. Achieving the objectives of Stakeholders: Customers: Vodafone has 10% of the worlds market for mobile telephony and they have achieved this by safeguarding the rights of customers by setting up objectives and ensuring they are met precisely. Their reputation depends on earning trust of their customers and therefore they rely on the following main aspects for customer satisfaction. Content standards: Due to the large range of contents available online on mobile phones, Vodafone introduced a supervisory body where inappropriate content for all customers, especially young users are protected. Responsible Marketing: They make sure communications are always legitimate, decent, reasonable, authentic, straightforward and sensitive to the views of different groups in society. Pricing Policies: Clarity and affordability of pricing across the markets have been improved by introducing simpler price plans, and making tariffs more liable and flexible. They have also reformatted bills to help communicate the new price plans in a simpler way. Driving Safety: They support national legislation to promote safe use of mobile phones to drivers. For this reason they have invested in advertising and campaighing to Drive Safe! and also recommend hands-free kits to be used in cars for emergency. Product Safety: Before purchasing products, they conduct risk assessments to identify any health and safety issues. In the event that a product or piece of equipment is found to be unsafe, an immediate incident investigation is required and acted upon. Employees: Vodafone relies on it employees. Its their enthusiasm, talent and commitment that brought the company where it is today. Vodafone aims to treat all employees equally, ensuring healthy employee relations through open communication and consultation processes. Equal opportunity: Employee diversity is an asset to them, having employed people from different phases of life and of different gender and ages it helps them to serve customers all around the world. By instructing the recruitment consultants to recommend a suitable female candidate for every vacancy at management level, ensuring mobility needs are met for disabled employees and by international rotation of the employees; Vodafone aims to focus on Gender, Cultural and Disabled diversities, respectively. Reward and recognition: On meeting the targets they are given bonuses and benefits. They offer benefits such as medical insurance, subsidised mobile phones, share plans and retirement benefits. Training and Development: They provide training and development prospects to support employees gain new skills, and inspire them to reach their full potential. Vodafone offers a wide range of online courses related to specific aspects of the business or key skill sets. Community: Vodafone invests heavily in the community and has been working with various charities and welfare organizations to serve the community. For this reason they launch campaigns on a regular basis globally and domestically where they either contribute directly by giving charities, medical health to desired countries organizing events and asking the local people, their own employees and customers to participate in it for free. Vodafone also believes in being an environment friendly organization and therefore it encourages recycling of mobile phones and for this reason they are working on several campaigns as well. Responsibilities and Strategies employed to meet them: Vodafone is largest telecommunications Network Company in the world by turnover and they achieved this by being a pioneer in bringing revolutions. Being at this stage when they have other companies that look onto them, it is their responsibility to maintain their position. For this reason Vodafone is one step forward than its competitors. Vodafone does not only focus on the buying and selling of its products but also ensures that all the stakeholders are kept happy with their products by working on building a sustainable future. They are doing this by meeting societys needs and focusing on the areas where their interventions can address sustainability challenges most effectively at the same time as offering an attractive commercial return for their shareholders. They have set clear priorities to; Capturing the potential of mobile to bring socio-economic value in both emerging economies and developed markets, through broadening access to communications to all sections of society. Delivering progress against stakeholder expectations on the key areas of climate change, a safe and responsible internet experience and sustainable products and services. Ensure their operating standards are consistent and of an appropriate level across the group. Economic, social and global environment in which the organisations operate 2.1) Economic Systems: An economic system is a set of basic rules that a country implies to organize the ownership and allocation of economic resources. à From the countrys point of view, production of goods and services are influenced by the limited supply of elements as labour, land, natural resources and capital. Types of economies In general different countries adapt different types of economic systems. They are as follows; Planned Economy: In this type of economy the government controls the resources and has the command over every decision which is why it is also called Command Economy Mixed Economy: In a mixed economy both the sectors, individuals and the government, play a vital role in economic-decision making of the country. Market Economy: In such an economy market decisions are mainly dominated by supply and demand and the government. Government plays a minor role and the consumers drive the economy according to their needs. 2.1.1) Effective use of resources: The essential economic problem in any society is to provide a procedure for distributing resources and consumption among individuals who cant satisfy their wants, given limited resources. Every nation, no matter how the government works, who controls the government or how rich or poor the government is, three basic economic questions must be answered to allocate effective use of resources; What and how much to produce? From whom will it be produced? How will it be produced? UK Economic System: The United Kingdom operates a mixed economic system, where most of the decisions are to be made by the free market but at the same time the government has maintained a minimum wage, set out certain rules and regulations for environmental protection and provides medical facilities for the member of public. 2.2) Impact of Social welfare and industrial policy on organizations and wider community In 2007-08, about à £158 billion was spent on social security benefits in Great Britain. This amounts to approximately à £2,580 for every man, woman and child in the country and represents 25.6 % of total government expenditure. The UK believes strongly in the constant welfare of its people and therefore a public sector organization has been formed that ensures anyone who cant afford the basic necessities is given funds by the government through the tax payers money so that they can overcome poverty. Benefits are given from the day a child is born until the day he/she is deceased, provided they are entitled to it. One can be eligible for benefits if he/she is; Un-Employed Needs extra help with student finance On low income Expecting or bringing up children Ill or injured Disabled In retirement Caring for someone Although the social services system was introduced for the welfare of people, it has now been found out that a number of people have been misusing it and this has caused the government billions of pounds. Therefore in the recent budget the government has announced welfare cuts like freezing child benefits for 3 years, housing benefits restricted to a maximum of à £400 a week, a proper medical assessment for people claiming disability from work and so on and so forth. In my own opinion many of the benefits that are being reduced should not have existed in the first place. Vodafone and the benefits to employees: Depending on the location, Vodafone offer benefits such as medical insurance, subsidised mobile phones, share plans and retirement benefits. Retirement benefits are provided through a variety of arrangements, including defined contribution schemes. These vary depending on the conditions and practices in the countries concerned such as local market practice, taxation, legislation and the quality of the states pension. Industrial Policy: The issue of climate change is affecting the whole world and steps are to be taken to slow down this process. The UK Government is committed to showing international leadership in this area by taking possible steps to overcome this global issue. However, UK alone cannot overcome this because it is only responsible for roughly 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Vodafone and the environment: Vodafone takes climate change very seriously and has therefore set themselves a goal of being recognized as a green brand by 2010. For this reason they have already started working on securing the future by working on the following initiatives; Handset recyclingà Fewer upgrades Universal and Solar chargers Reduced packaging E-billing Behaviour of organization and the market environment 3.1) How does market structures deviate from model of perfect competition Usually, while starting a new business firms start off in a perfect competition market, meaning they have many competitors and buyers. This basically gives them a chance to dissolve in the market. However, an aim for every successful organization is to be able to set a price they want and produce products that no one else is making. For this reason their approach from the beginning is to become a monopoly organization. However, Monopoly between organizations used to exist few years back but now it is impossible to have Monopoly because there is a lot of competition and the regulatory bodies ensure that no one has the right to take over the market all to themselves. Since becoming a Monopoly organization is not possible, the next best option is to adapt an oligopoly structure. This means there are not many competitors compared to what you find in perfect competition but its the maximum an organization can go to. In oligopoly they have a command over their pricing because not many buyers are selling it so they can set up a price accordingly and then approach the consumers. 3.2) Porters five forces: To start a business one needs to find out what problems they might face while entering a new market, for this reason Porters five forces are taken into consideration. Porters five forces go along with the market structures and it helps in finding out how each market structure may be affected by porters forces. Competitive rivalry With o2, orange, virgin, 3 and t-mobile operating in the market, there is a high rate of competition and therefore Vodafone ensures they are always offering services that give them a competitive advantage over it rivals. Bargaining power of customers The customers of Vodafone hold a very strong bargaining power because they can buy similar products and services from other rivals as well. For this reason Vodafone has to ensure that their pricing are very competitive and customer satisfaction is always taken into consideration before coming to a conclusion. Bargaining power of suppliers Due to the geographical existence and being one of the worlds leading mobile services providers, Vodafone has a good control over the suppliers. Vodafone has approximately 1550 suppliers worldwide and this enables them to have a command over the bargaining power of its suppliers. Threat of substitutes Vodafone facesà a low threat of productà substitutes. It is very difficult for the competitors to launch a similar substitute at a lower rate because Vodafone has already penetrated the markets and keeps itself up to date with the price changes and technological advancements. Threat of entry Threat of entrants is only possible when your products are either not according to the needs of customers or are relatively higher in price. For this reason Vodafone continuously keeps an eye on the market behaviour and reduces the costs compared to the competitors. Vodafoneà being theà major supplier of mobile productsà and services can reverseà theà trend set and makeà it harder for the competitorsà to makeà a potentialà entry. 3.3) Role of Competition Commission and regulatory bodies: Competition Commission and regulatory bodies act as a watchdog over the unfair competitions within the countries. They do this by limiting uncompetitive practices between the firms, allowing mergers and preventing monopolies from taking over the market. Regular checks are carried out by the committees on the organizations to ensure they are working on a fair trade. On 7 January 2002, Competition Commission made a ruling on Vodafone, along with o2, orange and T-Mobile over the call terminating charges. The committee did an investigation on this issue and declared that mobile termination charges were substantially high and therefore commanded the mobile networks to reduce it within a period of 4 years. Regulatory bodies such as competition commission play a vital role in maintaining a healthy competition within the markets. It is because of them that the emerging organizations can join the market and compete with the other maintained organizations. This gives the consumers an opportunity to choose from a variety of companies and get a better value of money. Significance of international trade and European dimension for the UK 4.1) Importance of international trade, economic integration and global markets to UK business organizations Resources are scattered around the world and there is not a single country that has everything it needs for continues development. Therefore international trade, economic integration and allowed entry of global markets in different countries are very important. The UK economy has one of the most open economies and is based on the services sector. It therefore encourages free trade with the rest of the world. Through this they are not only fulfilling the basic and essential needs of their people but also providing job opportunities within their country and throughout the world. Importance of Globalisation to UK Overseas Investments: There has been an increase of overseas investments both inwards and outwards in the UK economy. When companies from different parts of the world open a business in UK, they obviously bring a lot of investments, job opportunities and competitive products to the country and this helps in building the UK economy. Rising level of import penetration Particularly in those industries where Britains previous comparative advantage has been eroded such as textiles and clothing and the manufacture of lower-valued added electronic products. Developing a competitive advantage Through international trade there is no such thing as a monopolistic company in the UK. There are a range of similar services and products offered by different companies. These help the consumers in choosing from different suppliers and get a value for their money. Structural changes in industries For example the long-term loss of output and employment in industries such as textiles and other manufacturing sectors. This creates problems where factor resources are occupationally and geographically immobile In my view, Globalisation has definitely increased competitive pressures on British businesses in tradable goods industries. Cheaper prices for many international commodities and finished manufactured goods have certainly helped to control inflation in recent years and therefore reduce inflationary expectations. However, on the contrast due to Globalisation many of the well-known UK companies are now outsourcing their services which has resulted in lack of job opportunities within the country. This is weakening our economy and not leaving a good impact on our own people. 4.2) Impact of two policies of the European Union on UK business organizations The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 member states, primarily in Europe. Together these states merged to form the union so that they could have a mutual identity. Various policies have been imposed by the EU which benefits all the members in some way or another. The most important out of them are, Working rights: EU has given people from all the member states a great opportunity to find employment and study in other member countries. According to the EU commission, more than 15 million EU citizens have moved to other EU countries to work. This has given the developing countries like Poland a chance to utilize their skills in countries like UK and earn a decent livelihood. On the other hand, a large no. of people within the UK believes that the Europeans are stealing their jobs and they should not be allowed work in the UK but in actual they are just employed on the unskilled sector. In my opinion, there are still unskilled jobs in the UK market but the British either cant or dont want to work at the rates it is viable to employ them. So if you were to take all the Europeans out of the country, there will still be no jobs for the British in the unskilled sector. Free Trade: Easier cross-border trade within the EU means that small and medium sized organizations now have access to new export markets, which previously were not an option because of the cost and hassle that was involved with border bureaucracy. Single market has brought major benefits to the businesses in the UK. The free trade of goods have enabled the physical movement of goods within the UK and people across EU easily. This means that there are no trade barriers between the countries and people can freely expand their businesses. 4.3) Implication for the UK of entry into EMU In the past decades currency unions have failed so it is doubtful if the EMU will be a success either. As for the UK joining the EMU, I doubt this will be of any good. It is believed that UK might recover from recession if it joins the EMU but it is quite obvious that UK did not get into recession because of its currency. The Euro economy is also entering a recession and how can we expect to be saved by just joining the EMU is questionable. Moreover, in times like this it is more important that the UK should be independent of any monetary policy so that it could cut interest rates if necessary. Example, if the Euro economy recovers before the UK economy, interest rates may increase too quickly and harm the UKs recovery. The UK market for housing is quite sensitive to interest rates and many people have high mortgages. So, if the interest rate was to be increased or decreased it will have a great impact on buyer spending which can lead to either an inflationary boom or a deeper recession. I agree to the fact that the UK couldnt benefit from membership of the Euro currency which would have helped the tourists in using the same currency throughout the Europe and not be affected by the currency exchange rates, but it would be a very small percentage and would not have a great impact on UK economy because companies who are willing to expand and exchange business always get a much better deal than the tourists. Conclusion: This assignment in a nut shell has helped me in investigating what Vodafones economic environment is like, how it differs from other well-known organizations and what impacts does it have due to the social, economic and global factors. Vodafone is a global organization and their main aim is to satisfy all its stake holders, may it be the society, customers, employees and even government. It ensures this by having a clear vision and an approachable objective. For this reason, Vodafone always make use of effective use of their resources and take initiatives to overcome any sort of social and industrial issues while the regulatory bodies like competition commission act as a watch dog and ensures that there is always a healthy competition between organizations. Globalisation has affected everyone, in a good or a bad way. As for UK, where emphasize has been on the services sector it has been of a great use and is continuously building the economy because of the investments made by the global markets. However, the entrance of UK into European Monitory Union is still debatable because it may affect general public and the society. Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-53301098965466799022020-01-17T20:05:00.001-08:002020-01-17T20:05:04.700-08:00Evaluate strategies for developing and maintaining positive working relationships EssayHow to develop relationships with children and staff and why it is important Communicating effectively within the childcare setting is very important to enable strong relationship to build between colleagues, children and parents. Staff communicating positively with colleagues is an important part in helping build a strong and trusting relationship with each other. Developing close relationships with the other staff will help to inform each other of any worries or concerns that one of you may have regarding a child. It can also encourage conversation regarding any ideas or thoughts you may have regarding activities. Itââ¬â¢s important to develop a good relationship with staff as it will create a positive environment for both children and staff. This will help to develop a calm, happy and relaxed atmosphere creating a positive environment for teaching. Children Developing positive relationships with the children is the main key to a happy and calm environment. Without a positive and supportive attitude there will be no trust and honesty between yourself and the children. They will not feel like they can talk to you which may mean they could be keeping something important inside, which could affect their learning or social skills. With good communication from the practitioners, children can effectively engage in goal setting and problem solving which could enhance their ability to learn. It is important to be consistent in your behaviour and relationships so that children learn to do this, we as practitioners need to model the kind of behaviour we expect from them. Parents It important to build a relationship with parents an easy way to do this is to make sure you have good communication with them. For example make sure that you talk them in the appropriate language for example using their manners for example, please and thank you. Therefore if you have good commutation skills and good body language when working with parents they are more likely to trust you when looking after their children. Children who can sense that their main carer has a good relationship with the childcare setting are more likely to be happy being left in the setting. Other wayââ¬â¢s that you can build relationships with parentââ¬â¢s are that you would have regular contact with them for the best interests of the child. It is also important when building a relationship with parents that you understand what they think is best for the child, and if they need advice you should give them or try to find out for them. Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-59309242438620962702020-01-09T16:28:00.001-08:002020-01-09T16:28:04.160-08:00Research for juveniles and their parents - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1532 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Uncategorized Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Research Design Research papers depend on a lot of valid information from studies, surveys and or interviews. This information must be accurate and up to date to substantiate the findings. The sources must also be credible in order for the information to be considered credible. Research methodology is the process by which the information or data is gathered for a particular subject. This paper will discuss the methodology used to gather the resources and information which is used to substantiate the claims concerning the research question. The methodology regarding research is important because in order to gather sufficient information you must know how and where to look. There is information everywhere you look on the internet. However not all of it is credible or sufficient. Knowing where to look and how to look is very important. This project will describe the process used to find information on the research question regarding whether juvenile delinquency is influenced by the parents. It will also discuss any issues that may arise during research including limitations, reliability and validity. With any research paper it is important to identify who, what, where, when and how. These questions are always a good place to start and will help create a lot of momentum during research. They also provide a good outline of the information that is needed for the research. It is also important to discover whether a qualitative or quantitative approach is best or a mix of the two. There are many ways to gather information, however it depends on the research question as to which method is the best. For this particular research question, I will be studying juveniles and their parents. This sample of people will give the best information related to the topic. Samples represent a larger portion of the population (Maxfield Babbie pg. 133). In this sample we are studying a small amount of juveniles and their parents. The purpose of the research is to find a link between juvenile behavior and parental behavior. Does a parents behavior influence the juveniles behavior? How much bad behavior from a parent does it take to push a juvenile into delinquency? Do juveniles always follow their parents example? There have been many studies conducted on the research question and many panels of parents and children that have been observed. I will take a look at the parents and observe their every day behaviors to see if they compare with those of the child. Children grow and learn based on the examples they have a round them. They are taught by all those they come in contact with. If they are with their parents the majority of the time, then their biggest influence and example would be that of their parents. It is also important to note that if the parents are absent, then the childs biggest influence may be an older sibling or close friend. The absence of a parent can also affect a child. This is another area that will be looked into and researched. There can be so many possibilities that influence a juvenile. Using research to identify these possibilities is important to understanding how to correct the issues. Studying will take place during the evenings mostly. It will be important to have quietness in order to maintain focus while studying. Interruptions can cause discrepancies if focus is lost. There are many locations that research and studying can take place. I will choose to conduct my research from home. This is the best location that I can work from and the most comfortable, which is a huge benefit. Studying in an uncomfortable place or atmosphere is not healthy for your research. Another location I may go study at, is the local library. The library is quiet and has research material both online and in books. The location and time is very key when conducting research. Conducting research too late when the brain is tired can affect the quality of research as well as concentration. Studying in an area that is filled with distractions can lead to poor research quality and cause delays in time. There are several different ways to collect data that can be used in research. Surveys, field research and secondary data are some of the primary means. The first two can take a lot of time to conduct. Surveys are good for exploratory, applied and descriptive research (Maxfield Babbie pg. 161). They are good for studies on individual people (Maxfield Babbie pg. 161). The third can also take a lot of time, but it is also the fastest of the three listed. Secondary data is data that has already been collected by other researchers (Maxfield Babbie pg. 234). This is the way I will collect most of my data. There have been many studies and research papers conducted on juvenile delinquency and I believe I can gather enough credible secondary data to complete my research. It would be impossible to conduct field research in the area I live because it is such a small town. Field research would a lso take and extended period of time. Field research however, would be a great way to discover information related to the research question. Surveys would also take and extended period of time and may not be as credible as I would like. Surveys can lead to inconclusive answers because of the answers given. Not many parents will admit to living a lifestyle that caused their child to become delinquent. I believe secondary data will be the best way to gather information for this particular question. There are years of data and studies that have been conducted on panels of juveniles for several years. Information gathered from these studies will be credible and accurate. I will analyze information on the parents behaviors as well as the juveniles and compare them. In some cases I suspect the parents behavior will not be a factor in the childs behavior. We are all humans and do not always follow what would be considered the norm for us. Children are no different. There may be instance s where a juvenile is acting out against their parents guidance or rules. There are many other factors that can lead to delinquency besides parental behavior. This research will be based on the link between parental behavior and juvenile behavior. It is expected that even though some children are raised in good homes, they rebel against strict parents. This type of delinquency may be caused from peer pressure or other outside pressures. It is also expected that some children will make a decision to stay out of trouble even though their parents are always in trouble. There should not be any complications to the research. Limitations will be based on the ages of the juveniles studied. The research will be based on how juveniles progress from an early age. Those already in their late teens will not give as good of information as those who can be followed for a period of time. The variables of the sample will include the ages of the children and the specifics of their backgrounds. Th e other variables include the background of the parents, the living conditions of the children and other factors that influence the child. Some are raised in homes surrounded by drugs, alcohol and illegal behaviors while others are surrounded by good homes without the influence of anything illegal. There are many outside factors that also influence delinquent behavior, however I hope to separate these factors from the parental factors. The ages of the juveniles will be discussed and the way the influences affect them as they age. Influences affect us differently as we age, which is why it is good to use secondary data that covers a panel of subjects for a few years. In conclusion research methodology is very important. It is important to understand how you are going to gather the information you need for your research. It is also important to be able to gather information that is relative to your topic and that will be credible. There is so much information out there that is not credible nor is it useful for important research. When conducting research on topics or questions such as juvenile delinquency, it is important to have both credible an useful information. It is an important subject that needs to be studied and understood. Aside from the actual information in the paper it is important to know what the limitations are and what variables will come in to play during the research. Knowing how to collect data and the different methods is important as well. Surveys and field research are both very good methods to discovering the data, but can be extremely time consuming. Secondary data is data that has already been gathered and can be used again. This data can be taken and analyzed for the specific topic you are researching. As noted earlier in this paper it is very important to know who you are studying and why. You must know and understand the variables of the subjects, such as age and location. References Maxfield, Michael G. Babbie, Earl R 2012 Basics of Research Methods (2012) (Chp. 7 pg 161 and Chp. 9 pgs. 234-237) Wadsworth, Cengage Learning Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Research for juveniles and their parents" essay for you Create order Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-26958513490991258392020-01-01T12:54:00.001-08:002020-01-01T12:54:03.646-08:00Volleyball The Game Of Volleyball Essay - 1745 Words Volleyball The game of volleyball (in the beginning called mintonette), was invented by William G. Morgan on February 9, 1895. The game was designed to be a mixture of tennis, baseball, basketball, and handball. The sport is an overall good sport to watch. Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. A ball is being hit by hand over a high net in which each squad works together to score points by making the ball reach the ground on the competitorââ¬â¢s side of the court. The rules are simple. They are: a player on one of the teams begins a rally by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team s court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court. It continues with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either a team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponentââ¬â¢s court or winning the rally; or a team commits a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, and serves the ball to start the next rally. 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Another thing will be the equipment requirements for each sport and the cost to play. Volleyball, hockey, tennis, golf, football, and basketball can all be categorized into two dissimilar categories such as, team and individual. Volleyball, basketball, football, and hockey are known as Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-22908511052871811742019-12-24T08:40:00.001-08:002019-12-24T08:40:03.610-08:00The Effects Television Violence Has on Children Essay The Effects Television Violence Has on Children Television has both positive and negative effects on children between the ages of two and five. Some research shows that violence in the media can be linked to aggressive behavior in children. Though, some researchers disagree with this statement and believe that there are other factors, besides television, which cause children to become violent. The following essay will reflect both sides of this argument. Violent television shows lead to violence in children between the ages of two and five. A study conducted by Albert Bandura concludes that violence in the media can lead to aggressive behavior. In this study, the experimental group was shown a cartoon where the charactersâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Many usually sit their child in front of the television and go about their business of cleaning, paying bills or other things. Parents need to be knowledgeable on the types of violence shown on television especially that which is seen in cartoons. For example, the cartoon Power Rangers has much aggressive behavior that parents can overlook. When exposed to this show, children between the ages of two and five were said to imitate the actions of the characters towards one another. Research shows that less than five percent of shows have a non-violent subject matter (Children). Parents need to take time out of their day and sit down with their child to observe what they are watching o n television. Parents should also explain the consequences of violent behavior, since television rarely does this. Aggressive behavior shown on television, particularly in cartoons, leads to violent behavior in children. There are other factors, other than television, that can lead to aggressive behavior in children. Research conducted by Guy Cumberbatch says that, in some cases, noise can cause children to act violent. Other research shows that the increase in murders in the United States is due to an increase in population. Japan has very violent television, though, has little real-life violence (Westrup). Many Hollywood persons have tried to create non-violent programs. This shows that peopleShow MoreRelated Television Violences Effects on Children Essay1080 Words à |à 5 PagesTelevision Violences Effects on Children Most people read statistics like ââ¬Å"Before the average American child leaves elementary school, he or she will have witnessed more than 8,000 murders on televisionâ⬠( ââ¬Å"Does T.V. Kill?â⬠), and worry about the negative effect viewing violence on television will have on their children. Research into the effects of childhood exposure to violent television programming shows that there is cause for concern. Watching violence on television does have a negativeRead More effects of tv violence on children Essay719 Words à |à 3 Pages Effects of Television Violence on Children In our society today, it is extremely important to pay attention to what influences children. One of the biggest influences Americaââ¬â¢s youth may have is the television. 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Imagine how that looks to twelveRead MoreThe Effects of Television Violence on Children Essay1338 Words à |à 6 Pages Thesis Statement: Unsupervised children who watch violence on television exhibit violence in their everyday lives and develop into aggressive adults. ââ¬Å"Research shows that television violence increases levels of aggression, fear, and desensitization among some who consume itâ⬠(Hamilton). This quotation by James Hamilton briefly summarizes the potentially negative effects of television on young minds. A childââ¬â¢s favorite television show can keep a child occupied while the mother preparesRead More The Negative Impact of Exposing Children to Media Violence Essay1448 Words à |à 6 PagesImpact of Exposing Children to Media Violence On April 20, 1999 at Columbine High School, 13 people were killed and another 23 were wounded in one of the worst school killing incidents ever (Skeesis). Since the 1980s, overall homicide rates in the U.S. have declined. 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Television screens are loaded with the glamorization of weapon carrying. Violence constitute as amusing and trivialized. Needless portrayals of interpersonal violence spread across the television screens like wild fire. Televisions spew the disturbing events such as children being assaulted, husbands inflicting domestic abuse on their wives and children succumbing to abuse by their parents. Scenes of betrayalRead MoreEssay Television and Media - TV Violence is Ruining Children842 Words à |à 4 PagesTV Violence is Ruining Children à A young child sits in front of a television watching cartoons while his mother runs around the house doing various chores.à The mother passes the room the child is in and glances at the television each time she passes.à The child is watching Sesame Street.à Then, a half an hour later, Mr. Rogers is on. 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Media violence can have a lasting impression on children, teenagers and adults not only through television, but also through video games. In the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in violent behavior in the United States (Merino 1). This is the result of exposure to violence. More than half of television programs and video games contain some type of violence. Perez Daly says, ââ¬Å"ââ¬â¢... children are likely Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-53457424888629819552019-12-16T05:10:00.001-08:002019-12-16T05:10:04.143-08:00Film review Free Essays The Hunger Games, itââ¬â¢s a harsh and relentless story based upon the first novel out of a trilogy of books by Suzanne Collins. The book is narrated by 16 year old Catkins; a young woman who lives in a post-apocalyptic America divided into 13 districts and ruled by one, the Capitol. In this imaginary future, ruled by the Capitol, an apparatus of their control is the Hunger Games, an event established in the aftermaths of a billion against them, to keep the population in check and remind them whose boss. We will write a custom essay sample on Film review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story sets place at one of their annual reaping, where all twelve districts are forced to bring forward one boy and one girl to participate in the games. They are branded as tributes. Participants are selected then given physical training and presentation guidance for the games. The games are filmed and televised and it is mandatory for all citizens from every district to watch. Catkins comes from one of the resort areas, District 12. Itââ¬â¢s a coal mining region, and only two people have ever won from her particular region in the long history of the games. I believe that the people responsible for the Hunger Games tried really hard, not to loiter on the pursuit and the kill but to show the characters using their brains, eluding confrontation as much as possible. The theme of martyr and exploitation is static, and we react to it. They portrayed the setting-up of the game wisely: resembling the kook, the film lets us understand, very hastily, how manipulative the games are. This is something Catkins discovers early on, but she still manages to remain true to herself as much as possible. The film shows us countless ways to be a spectator: the vain Capitol members are the arch-consumers, but as a spectator, we donââ¬â¢t associate with them. Itââ¬â¢s the game, not the Tributes we as viewers are keen to see conquered. May the odds be ever in your favor. How to cite Film review, Papers Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-81400844870430230012019-12-08T01:53:00.001-08:002019-12-08T01:53:03.703-08:00Baron Von Steubon free essay sample He has become an exceptionally respected figure in European and American history. His services offered during the Revolution may be his most celebrated contributions today. Von Steuben played a critical role in training the American troops for battle during the Revolution and set the precedent for military practices today. It is no mystery that Baron von Steubenââ¬â¢s background and support from family had influenced his many achievements in life. His father, husband of Elizabeth von Jagvodin, was a royal Prussian engineer and he traveled to many exotic places with his son. Steuben was born in the fortress town of Magdeburg (todayââ¬â¢s Germany) on September 17, 1730 (Bergen County Historical Society 1). After his adolescent years, he joined the military and was ranked as a captain in the Prussian Army. Furthermore, Baron von Steuben was a prominent drill-master and this proved to be his illustrious forte (Hakim 117). There were many foreign, but significant events in the life of von Steuben. We will write a custom essay sample on Baron Von Steubon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First of all, he enlisted in the Prussian army as a lance-corporal in 1746 and became ranked as a captain. During the duration of the Seven Yearsââ¬â¢ War he was appointed a general staff officer and ââ¬Å"aide-de-campâ⬠to Frederick the Great in 1761. He was wounded while fulfilling this duty and was secured the position of Grand Marshall in the court of the Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. A few years later in 1769, he was presented with Order of Fidelity, which is an honorary knighthood by the Margrove of Boden. Once introduced to Benjamin Franklin, he services transferred from Europe to America. In 1777, Baron von Steuben served as a volunteer to Washingtonââ¬â¢s army. Throughout the next year he organized and trained the continental army (Bergen County Historical Society 1). He agreed to work for free with only his expenses covered until he proved himself worthy to George Washington (Hughes 46). Steuben, being the accredited officer that he was, came about being very useful to the Americans. Using his skills as a great drill-master, he taught disorderly patriots to be more than capable fighters. Instead of the accustomed ways of battle, he used Europeââ¬â¢s style (muskets and bayonets) to shape the army (Hakim 117). To start, Steuben picked an elite group of men at Valley Forge to train and teach drill-and-ceremony to. Due to language barriers because Steuben only spoke French, he sometimes had to act out what he wished the troops to do (Micklos 30, 31). His personality motivated the recruits and when they were put through successful training, those men worked outward through the ranks into each brigade and after a short period of time, the whole army way pretty much in tip-top shape (Ushistory 1). Baron von Steubenââ¬â¢s efforts truly showed at the battle of Barren Hill, the battle of Monmouth, and the battle of Bunker Hill. The use of the bayonet was crucial to the victory of these fights (Wikipedia 1). Through his dedication and hard work, he was honored with the rank of Inspector-General to the Continental Army (Bergen County Historical Society 1). Other than the vital information listed above, there are many interesting facts about Baron von Steuben. First of all, he went by quite a few names. In America, he was known as Friedrich Wilhelm Augustus von Steuben. He was baptized as Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben and this was his most common name. Later on he changed it to Friedrich Wilhelm August Heinrich Ferdinand (Ushistory 1). For the period of time that he was at Valley Forge, he wrote a Drill Manuel that was published into what is known as the Blue Book (Hughes 50). It is still used for many military practices today although it was no longer the standard Manuel since the War of 1812 (Wikipedia 1). When receiving a letter of recommendation from Franklin, to give to Washington he said that he was a General when he was only a captain (Kent 92). Oddly enough, Steuben was actually discharged from the Prussian army for reasons still unknown even today. Historians can only speculate why this is so, but it led to why he sought to find work and help the Americans in the first place. After the Revolution was over, he became an American citizen by act of the Pennsylvania legislature and then by New York authorities a little while later. By reason of his insufficient funds and the great amount of debt he was in, Congress gave him copious sums of money and a yearly pension of $2,500 (Wikipedia 1). In addition to these acts of generosity, he was lent a small estate with the help of Alexander Hamilton to reside in until death (Ushistory 1). Baron von Steuben died on November 28, 1794 in Oneida County, New York (Bergen County Historical Society 1). As it has been clearly shown, Steuben was an imperative factor in winning the Revolution by training the American troops. I explained his many achievements and why they were useful to his training at Valley Forge. He used strategic methods and prior knowledge to whip up one of the greatest fighting forces in our history. Baron von Steubenââ¬â¢s military genius certainly contributed immensely to our freedom even today. Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-42362723789116519052019-11-30T13:34:00.001-08:002019-11-30T13:34:04.695-08:00The form and structure of A Dolls House Essay Example For Students The form and structure of A Dolls House Essay The form and structure of A Dolls House is much different to anything else that has been written more recently, as it has a whole different structure to anything else around, both a the time it was written and now. The People of the time condemned this play, as it reversed the typical roles of men and women at the time, portraying Nora as very strong, and able to use money and more to the point, deceitful to her husband. In light of this, the opinion of A Dolls House is that it is nearly a well made play, but it doesnt have a happy ending, and this doesnt always go down well with an audience, especially an audience in the days of Henrik Ibsen, as they were used to plays all ending happily, with a solid conclusion being established, so Ibsens work was a culture shock to everyone who watched it, but a breathe of fresh air to female viewers, as it clearly supported the feminist idea. The acts are sorted into very strict patterns. There is a distinct beginning, middle and end, one act of each. We will write a custom essay on The form and structure of A Dolls House specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For story writers, these are usually just an outline for the story, but Ibsen has used them to a greater effect, to split A Dolls House up into easy sections for the reader and actor to use. As well as this, he hasnt placed in any scene splits. Each act is one long scene, with different units for the scene. These units are decided usually by a character leaving or entering, not by actual stage directions written on the page. This way, any scene settings can be chosen at the directors disgression, meaning the play can be performed in many different ways. These units also allow the play to move with much more fluidity, as the setting doesnt always change in the units as it would with scenes. Ibsen has also written this play putting a lot of thought into his characters, as the depth of the characters is great, with each one of them possessing a different one of the seven sins, and the couples (Nora and Torvald, and Krogstad and Mrs Linde) are in parallel positions to each other, one relationship is dead as another flourishes, and the plots revolving around these characters show this. Symbolism is also used in the play, as in some sections of the units, Nora has no words to stop Torvald, and so she starts dancing the Tarantella to distract him. This is used to show her desperation, and then later on her frustrations, as she dances it very rough and unsteadily. The name A Dolls House is also a symbol of the fact that she feels trapped, and that others is playing with her life, and she is powerless to stop him, as is a doll in a dolls house. In A Dolls House, given circumstances are often supplied to the viewer/reader, although some things are not given, therefore require the reader/viewer to use their own imagination to come up with their own ideas as to where the story may go next, or what the characters motivation is at the time. Ibsens form of theatre is naturalistic, but makes the characters seem real, although the dilemmas faced by his characters arent always solvable. This style is an adapted version of Stanislavsys form, which asked the actor to become the character through emotion, and to be genuine. Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-46682249629995218742019-11-26T05:01:00.001-08:002019-11-26T05:01:03.818-08:00APA Style Page â⬠Learn How to Format It According to All RulesAPA Style Page ââ¬â Learn How to Format It According to All Rules Students call formatting an essay the hardest part of any academic writing process. They share that it takes more time to study writing style guides than reading a particular article or whole chapter to retell it. The principle of every citation style is alike: itââ¬â¢s all about inserting in-text citations and developing bibliography with the list of sources used throughout the paper. However, each format has its nuances. This time weââ¬â¢re going to talk about APA writing style designed and recommended by the American Psychologic Association. The usage of APA style is obvious: as far as it was prepared by the American Psychologic Association, it is most often applied to humanities, medical, and liberal arts disciplines such as: Psychology Philosophy Sociology Social work Education Nursing Literature Gender studies You can face APA style not only in academic essays. Any publication of research done in the fields mentioned above is usually written according to the rules set by the American Psychologic Association as well. The first time you may meet the necessity to format your paper like this is your first year in college. High school students rarely meet this formatting style as APA requires a more advanced writing level than MLA, for instance. It may take too long to read the entire guide in APA style, so we have shortened the information. This article briefly explains how to add in-text citations correctly as well as generate a bibliography (a.k.a. References page in APA). We tell which resources to use to format the work. Try to minimize bias in your language, avoid plagiarism (copy-pasted text without proper citations), and pick only high-quality examples of APA formatted essays with in-text citations. P.S. Use a guide/manual known as The American Psychologic Association Handbook 8th Edition when you type your paper using APA style. APA Writing Style Elements and Overall Structure First of all, every publication written in accordance with all principles set by the American Psychologic Association should begin with a title page. The next elements appear on the first page to identify your work: Your topicââ¬â¢s full title. Your name and last name. Educational institution (school, college, or university name). The format requires that the title is placed twice: in the page heading called Running head and in the bottom of your first page. When creating a title page in APA writing style, be careful with the margins (one-inch from all sides), font (Times New Roman 12 pt. is preferred), page numbers, and other small details. The heading should appear on every page, but less Running Head words. The second feature of any well-formatted paper is abstract. The American Psychologic Association manual requires all research works to include an abstract which is 150-200 words summary of the text. It contains just one paragraph written in APA style. A good sample of abstract may help if you have no idea how to prepare summaries. Another way to get help regarding this sectionââ¬â¢s length is to consult your teacher. Finally, base your examples on the section 2.04 of the APA Manual (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010). You can find a lot of useful information in this manual. The abstract should consult your readers on the content in order to let them decide whether they want to read your publication from cover to cover. It is critical to summarize every paragraph of your paper. Once youââ¬â¢re done with an abstract, move to the introduction and other parts by sticking to the chosen writing style. Body of the Paper and References Page Format The only difference between the ways MLA and APA introduction, body, and conclusion look is the necessity to add some headings to divide the parts of the text. Such headings should be bold. Social science research paper written according to the American Psychological Association guidelines might include the following headings placed in the center: Introduction, Method, Participants, Research Design, Measures, Procedure, Results/Findings, Discussion, Conclusion. All information should be properly separated in these blocks. All parts except for the conclusion can have citations. Each time you add an in-text citation, direct or indirect, specify the author, date (publication year), and a number of the page where the citation was taken from (if available). Put this source information in the parentheticals. Thatââ¬â¢s the way you should cite in APA style. Put down all sources you use on a separate piece of paper to prepare References page in APA style faster at the end. Such information is required to show where you used to find relevant citations, appraise the authors, and share sources with your readers. They may want to check them later. Actually, thatââ¬â¢s why writers conduct research before writing down the essay or research paper in APA style. We will consult you on bibliography page only, but you can read the rest of the academic paper structure online. Each References page entry must provide the information on every single source recalled in the essay, including: Authorââ¬â¢s last name and initials Year of publication Title of the article, book, newspaper, or any other source you used Details like version, edition, issue, number, etc. Publisher and publishing location (town/city and state). Type in the page number if known. We have included several examples of APA style references to cheer you up: National Association of Social Workers. (2000). Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Washington, DC: Author. Schilling, R., Morrish, J., and Liu, G. (2008). Demographic trends in social work over a quarter-century.à Social Work, 53à (2) 103-114. Any problems with academic pages of your essay in APA style? You may consult online writers or simply order samples or custom essays for cheap. Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-86824920577464926812019-11-22T12:24:00.001-08:002019-11-22T12:24:05.901-08:00FecklessFeckless Feckless Feckless By Maeve Maddox A reader has called my attention to a surge in the use of the word feckless in the American press. A Web search garners 1,550,000 hits. Feckless derives from feck, a dialect word possibly formed by a linguistic process called aphaeresis: ââ¬Å"omission of one or more sounds or letters from the beginning of a word.â⬠Examples of aphaeresis include: squire from esquire and coon from raccoon. Feck, which is documented as early as the 14th century, is probably a shortening of the noun effect. Feck is ââ¬Å"energy and gumption.â⬠A person with feck gets things done. When used to refer to a thing, the adjective feckless means, ââ¬Å"valueless, futile, or feeble.â⬠Used to refer to a person or a personââ¬â¢s actions, feckless means, ââ¬Å"lacking energy; weak, helpless.â⬠In modern usage, feckless is used chiefly as a synonym for irresponsible or shiftless. This latter use of feckless is especially common in the British press in headlines and articles relating to social welfare programs: Britains most feckless father? Unemployed dad of 10 is expecting FOUR more children ââ¬âThe Telegraph. Lets get the feckless to buy food not fags and booze ââ¬âMailOnline. No one would consider her [a young unmarried mother of four children, by two different men, and expecting her fifth] to be anything other than feckless and irresponsible. ââ¬âThe Independent. The Oxfam report ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Walking The Breadline,â⬠published in June this year, states that half a million people in the UK rely on food banks. Yet the Government puts their fingers in their ears, blaming feckless parenting and scroungers. ââ¬âThe Guardian. Here are some examples in contexts other than discussions of welfare recipients: Given their feckless track record, would you really trust Apple with (even more of) your digital life? ââ¬âSource uncertain; the comment appears on numerous sites. One striking feature in all three works is how badly the men do; how feckless they are, how treacherous, weepy, self-obsessed and violent. ââ¬âReview of a collection of three short stories by Bernhard Schlink. Because the usual use of feckless is to describe people or actions lacking in will or responsible purpose, some of the examples I found left me a bit puzzled: Delete a Feckless Effect from Filler Edgar Steeleââ¬â¢s Feckless Racism Here are some sure fire home remedies and tips to get rid of your feckless and lifeless hair. The opposite of fecklessââ¬âfeckful (powerful, effective, efficient, vigorous)ââ¬âis used seriously in an OED citation dated 1568: I culd nocht cumwithout sum gret and fecfull purpois. [I could not comewithout some great and feckful purpose.] Anyone using the positive adjective feckful nowadays would be aiming for humorous effect, as in this 1990 quotation from The New York Times: The unfailingly feckless Bertie Wooster and his valet, the formidably feckful Jeeves. Sometimes feckless is the perfect choice, but sometimes not. Here is a selection of words that might serve better in some contexts: good-for-nothing idle indolent inept irresponsible lazy neââ¬â¢er-do-well no-account slothful sorry useless worthless David Auburn, playwright and contributor to the Oxford American Writerââ¬â¢s Thesaurus, says this about feckless: The obscene-sounding first syllable gives punch and an air of harsh condemnation to the synonym for irresponsible, conveying ââ¬Å"not merely irresponsible but also unforgivably blithe, and in oneââ¬â¢s blitheness, causing great harm.â⬠Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating ConjunctionsRules for Capitalization in TitlesParticular vs. Specific Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-51672790617960494882019-11-20T23:28:00.001-08:002019-11-20T23:28:08.534-08:00Community Action Personal Health Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsCommunity Action Personal Health Paper - Essay Example The activity I chose to carry out was to send a letter to the Calvin Klein clothing company. The letter includes some points about the relationship between advertising and eating disorders, and how the Calvin Klein image is one of those which causes young people to hold themselves up to impossible standards. I feel that they are a company who really exemplifies the trend towards "thin at all costs" - the idea that thin is an ideal which should be pursued regardless of the consequences. I think that pursuit of this ideal is very unhealthy, particularly for young people. Because I have an eating disorder, carrying out this activity was quite empowering for me. I enjoyed it because advertising is such a powerful tool, and I firmly believe that if advertising were to change and start portraying real bodies wearing real-sized clothing, Western society's image of the ideal body would change. I am not really under the illusion that my letter will be the impetus for change but I am glad that I got the chance to express my opinions, and writing out exactly how I feel about these issues has felt really positive. Anorexia and Bulimia are increasingly in the public eye, particularly because the profile of these diseases is raised by celebrities who have battled these eating disorders. This is unfortunate in one sense because these diseases are legitimized by their association with the rich and famous. This is reinforced by the point that compulsive overeating and the morbid obesity which often results is far less socially acceptable than anorexia or bulimia. The community is far less inclined to accept compulsive overeating as an eating disorder, instead labeling sufferers as lazy and lacking in willpower. There are many organizations dedicated to promoting awareness of eating disorders. The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders is an example of an organization which operates at the national level. This association raises awareness of eating disorders with support groups, message boards and chat rooms, education packs for schools, and publicity drives with local and national media. (ANAD 2006) According to an article that appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle early this year, Bay Area residents don't have many options when it comes to finding support for eating disorders at the local level. (Harlick 2006) However support groups do exist. One such example is the Ohlhoff Eating Disorders Program, which provides a wide array of services to aid people in recovering from all types of eating disorders. (Ohlhoff 2006) Overall I think I have learned the most from completing the activity portion of this assignment. Even though I have read about and known how advertising and fashion companies have played an influential role in the increasing trend of eating disorders, actually writing to a company to express my views has really crystallized my views on the subject. References Harlick, J. People suffering eating disorders have precious few outpatient resources in the Bay Area. San Francisco Chronicle. January 6 2006. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders Retrieved May 23, 2006 from . Ohlhoff Eating Dis Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-88345853389524866832019-11-19T05:17:00.001-08:002019-11-19T05:17:03.282-08:00Assignment2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2Assignment2 - Essay Example It notes various legal backgrounds that recognize the link between culture and natural resources, in addition to citing the role they can play in managing the river as well as the impacts it may have on their lifestyle. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Discussion 5 Background 5 Ownership concepts surrounding the Waikato river saga 5 Maoriââ¬â¢s right to resources 9 Conclusion 10 Introduction The Maori community feels their interest is not catered for in the deal involving Waikato River which they feel they have ownership and guardianship rights to, based on the Treaty of Waitangi claims. This claim has been elicited by the signing of deal between the Crown and Waikato-Tanui. This paper therefore explores the case of struggles surrounding of the Waikato River which lies at the center of tribal identity and the troubles surrounding its ownership and guardianship rights. Through analysis of the competing discourses, the emerging tensions and interpretation issues are discu ssed in depth and on their basis, a conclusion derived. Waikato River is known as being the longest River in New Zealand. It is believed to officially start at Nukuhau close to Taupo Township and through its course it is served by various streams and smaller tributaries (Mataira, 1983). The river runs in the North West direction and goes via several forests and rural settings. Based on the activities surrounding the places it passes, it is currently affected fertilizers originating from farmlands, wastewater from industries and urban settings including those from the turbines at the electro power stations. In general, Waikato River is a vital resource to the communities and organizations surrounding and hence its usage impacts on a broad population. Logically, any issues affecting it must therefore be subject to reaction from those affected. Discussion Background The ownership concept in relation to Waikato River is one which brings together people from different backgrounds and que stions their understanding of both leadership and authority in context of natural resources found within their localities. The level of emotions elicited in the quest to claim of ownership of the river cannot be best described than by the words of ââ¬ËIwi,ââ¬â¢ the principal negotiator for Waitangi Treaty who asserted that, ââ¬Å"We donââ¬â¢t need a bloody court document to tell us we own the river, we know we do (Field notes, 2000).â⬠Itââ¬â¢s one that no doubt puts to battle, beliefs of a society and the Crown. This is what might be termed as a populist statement in the face of crisis. Nonetheless, it does eliminate the possibility of the communities claim for ownership being true. The concept of ownership as expressed by tribal leaders basically centered on the interests of the community. Ownership concepts surrounding the Waikato river saga Virtually each and every society has its concepts which are considered kin to the western ownership theory. Nonetheless, w hat one culture considers ownership is not the same as what another culture would consider as ownership. In essence, ownership concept differs from one sphere to another. According to Stokes (1994) the ownership of Waikato River within context of land claim by the locals was not a claim for exclusive right of ownership of the River but rather they primarily wanted to participate to the riverââ¬â¢s management, within precincts of the Maori values. This view is entrenched in the words of Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-20650516260019896642019-11-16T17:48:00.001-08:002019-11-16T17:48:03.719-08:00Discussion Post Essay Example for Free Discussion Post Essay New Format Requested this week While the format is to be changed thisweek, you are still required to make 3 postings; one original post and comment on two other students post. ORIGINAL POST REQUIREMENTS: You are to apply the major topics covered in the course (finance/accounting, economics, marketing) to your company and provide an analysts report. 1) (Apply Marketing techniques to:) create an interesting, unique or otherwise attractive catch line (humor works great for me! ) as your post title. Make a recommendation (can be here AND in your subject line) (some of you may not feel you have enough experience where your opinion (i. e. , recommendation) is worth something in this world. however note, you may have more experience NOW than some analysts at major investment banking houses! (scary I know! )) 3)(Use your corporate report to:) provide certain and specific quantitative analysis of your company. DONT repeat your entire report. but provide highlights.. as some examples: Net Income rose 20% from 2008-2011 to $1. 35 billion Expenses dropped.à by 15% Shareholder equity (highlights mean outlyers of data.. especially NEGATIVE information 4) (Use some economics learned. predict macro and micro futures).. describe what Macro world events have affected your company (global eco slow-down. price of oil) .. even micro events (consumption among consumers was down due to. )provide sensitivities for world events on your corporation and how it will affect that companys future activities. Provide predictions about future macro economic events and how your company will react going forward. The Network amp; Space Systems segment is engaged in the research, development, production and modification of products and services to assist its customers in transforming their operations through network integration, information, intelligence and surveillance systems, communication, architectures and space exploration. The Global Services amp; Support segment is engaged in the operations, maintenance, training, upgrades and logistics support functions for military platforms and operations. The Boeing Capital Corporation segment facilitates, arranges structures and provides selective financing solutions for its commercial airplanes customers. In the space and defense markets, it primarily arranges and structures financing solutions for its Boeing Defense, Space amp; Security government customers. Its portfolio consists of equipment under operating leases, finance leases, notes and other receivables, assets held for sale or re-lease and investments. The company was founded by William Edward Boeing in 1916 and is headquartered in Chicago, IL. http://www. marketwatch. com/investing/stock/ba/profile 2) The Boeing Company has a long history of providing complex systems and integrated assemblyââ¬â¢s to its customers. 3) The Boeing Company is headquartered in Chicago IL. In 1997 Boeing and McDonnell Douglas merged to form what is the Boeing Company of today. This was approximately 1 year after Boeing acquired Rockwell Corporations Space and Defense division. The company has over 249 subsidiaries. The largest competitor on the commercial side is Airbus a division of EDS and the largest competitor on the Defense, Space and Security side is Lockheed Martin with many other companies lining up for second place. In order for Boeing to maintain itââ¬â¢s market share the company has had to continually research and develop new products in both major business units. Notes for special considerationâ⬠1. Cash and cash equivalents increased from $5,359 billion to $10,049 billion from 2010 to 2011 2. Retained Earnings rose from $24,784 billion to $27,524 billion during the period of 2010 to 2011 3. Net Earnings rose from $1.3 billion in 2009 to $4. 02 billion in 2011 4) Boeing is a company that is always going to be challenged. The challengers for the Defense, Space and Security market typically have come from within the US but that is starting to change. EADS which is the largest defense business in Europe is continually trying to enter US ma rkets. Also Airbus which is a subsidiary of EADS is the most prominent competitor in the commercial segment but many countries such as Japan, China, Brazil and Canada are working very hard to position themselves as challengers to the commercial market. This will be a challenge for Boeing and Airbus for the next several decades. Commercial airline customers and airlines will continue to demand enhancements and improvements to the commercial airplanes and the service / cost associated with the. This will continue to drive performance by the manufacturers including Boeing which is the industry leader. The US government acquisition may decline depending on the outcome of the presidential and congressional elections. Boeing and itââ¬â¢s competitors in those markets will look toward no US markets to sell their products. Continued increase in energy and material cost will drive Boeings focus on keeping costs down. 5) Research and development are the single most important factor in keeping Boeing relevant for the future. Research and development expense amounted to $3. 9 billion, $4. 1 billion and $6.5 billion in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. In 2009 this included $2. 7 billion alone for the new 787 commercial aircraft. Research and development costs also include bid and proposal efforts related to governme nt products and services, as well as costs incurred in excess of amounts estimated to be recoverable under cost sharing research and development agreements. Bid and proposal costs were $332 million, $355 million and $343 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009 respectively. Ramp;D within the Defense, Space and Security business unit is primarily focused on supporting customer requirements and providing new technologies to meet the needs of military, security and space agencies. Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-786351889891562044.post-15322512027745659692019-11-14T06:19:00.001-08:002019-11-14T06:19:02.947-08:00Social Pressure on Individual Performance Essay -- SociologyLittle of humansââ¬â¢ actions are carried out in isolation and thus, individual performance molds on and is shaped by the social context and, specifically, by activities performed by co-actors (Sebanz et al., 2003). As Albery et al. (2008) reasoned, other people may affect our performance on particular tasks and hence, we may even change the way we behave in terms of increasing the effort exerted towards a task in order to be favorably evaluated by others. This essay seeks to discuss the effects that the mere presence of other people have on individual performance and it is structured as following. The paper begins by introducing the concept of social facilitation. It will then go on to discuss a couple of theories that may offer a global understanding of the implications of social presence on individual performance. The term ââ¬Ësocial facilitationââ¬â¢ was first used by Floyd Allport in 1920s and it postulates that, in terms of performance, an improvement of easy tasks and an impairment of difficult tasks may occur in the mere presence of conspecifics (Hogg and Vaughan, 2008). In other words, individuals are prone to perform better if they deal with a well-learned task than if they perform a rather unfamiliar or poorly learned assignment under certain circumstances and therefore, for the latter, the achievement deteriorates considerably. In essence, what social facilitation outlines is that, the individual performance can be affected by the presence of viewers. Corespondingly, according to Zajonc (1965), the main reason behind this is that the actual existence of an audience elevates drive levels. Although this may be true, the presence of others does not always make people perform better (Baumeister and Bushman, 2011). Triplett (1898) h... ..., 129, 183-190 Guerin, B. (1993). Social facilitation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340 Hogg, M. A., & Vaughan, G. M. (2008). Social psychology 5th Ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Sebanz, N., Knoblich, G., Prinz, W. (2003). Representing othersââ¬â¢ actions: just like oneââ¬â¢s own ?. Cognition, 88 (2003), B11-B21. Max Plank Institute for Psychological Research Thompson, R. (2002). Are two heads better than one ? The Psychologist, 15(12), 616-619 Triplett, N. (1898). The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. American Journal of Psychology, 9, 507-533. Weiss, R. F, & Miller, F. G. (1971). The drive theory of social facilitation. Psychological Review, 78, 44-57. Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, New Series, 149 (3681), 269-274 Social Pressure on Individual Performance Essay -- Sociology Little of humansââ¬â¢ actions are carried out in isolation and thus, individual performance molds on and is shaped by the social context and, specifically, by activities performed by co-actors (Sebanz et al., 2003). As Albery et al. (2008) reasoned, other people may affect our performance on particular tasks and hence, we may even change the way we behave in terms of increasing the effort exerted towards a task in order to be favorably evaluated by others. This essay seeks to discuss the effects that the mere presence of other people have on individual performance and it is structured as following. The paper begins by introducing the concept of social facilitation. It will then go on to discuss a couple of theories that may offer a global understanding of the implications of social presence on individual performance. The term ââ¬Ësocial facilitationââ¬â¢ was first used by Floyd Allport in 1920s and it postulates that, in terms of performance, an improvement of easy tasks and an impairment of difficult tasks may occur in the mere presence of conspecifics (Hogg and Vaughan, 2008). In other words, individuals are prone to perform better if they deal with a well-learned task than if they perform a rather unfamiliar or poorly learned assignment under certain circumstances and therefore, for the latter, the achievement deteriorates considerably. In essence, what social facilitation outlines is that, the individual performance can be affected by the presence of viewers. Corespondingly, according to Zajonc (1965), the main reason behind this is that the actual existence of an audience elevates drive levels. Although this may be true, the presence of others does not always make people perform better (Baumeister and Bushman, 2011). Triplett (1898) h... ..., 129, 183-190 Guerin, B. (1993). Social facilitation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340 Hogg, M. A., & Vaughan, G. M. (2008). Social psychology 5th Ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Sebanz, N., Knoblich, G., Prinz, W. (2003). Representing othersââ¬â¢ actions: just like oneââ¬â¢s own ?. Cognition, 88 (2003), B11-B21. Max Plank Institute for Psychological Research Thompson, R. (2002). Are two heads better than one ? The Psychologist, 15(12), 616-619 Triplett, N. (1898). The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. American Journal of Psychology, 9, 507-533. Weiss, R. F, & Miller, F. G. (1971). The drive theory of social facilitation. Psychological Review, 78, 44-57. Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, New Series, 149 (3681), 269-274 Ximena Staufferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13379188359004895795noreply@blogger.com0